20 Cause and Effect Essay Topics How to Talk about the Rise and Fall of the Food Movement

20 Cause and Effect Essay Topics How to Talk about the Rise and Fall of the Food Movement If you have gone through our first guide 10 facts on the rise and fall of the food movement for a cause and effect essay then you are on the right track. In this second guide, we’ll not only discuss 20 food essay topics but also demonstrate how to write a sample cause and effect essay on the food movement, for your convenience. This will help you greatly when you want to choose a relevant topic for your essay. Here are 20 topic suggestions on the rise and fall of the food movement for your essay: Effects of the Food Movement on Environment Why is Local Food Healthier than Packaged Food? The Motive of Slow Food Movement: Organic and Sustainable Food The Origination of Local Food Movement and its Causes Impact of the Food Movement on Our World What Makes Local Food Better than Processed Food? The Philosophy of Slow Food Movement What Caused Slow Food Movement? Problems with Fast Food and How it Affects Our Planet The Truth about the Food Movement Common Perception of the Food Movement Effects of the Food Movement on Farm Workers and Livestock How the Food Movement is Beneficial for Everyone on Earth Health Effects of Processed Food on Our Lives Why did Slow Food Protest Against Fast Food Industry? Why ‘Natural’ Food Sounds a Lot Better than Artificial Food Starting a Food Movement in Your Kitchen Slow Food Can it Feed the World? Economic Implications of the Food Movement Environmental, Social and Health Implications of the Food Movement We’ve just given you a plethora of topics on rise and fall of food movement. You now should be able to use any one of these topics and easily write an essay on it. To make things even easier, we’ve left a sample cause and effect essay for you below. Once you read through the sample essay, you can check out the final guide where we’ll show you how to outline and format your essay, and it should be written to really wow your professor. Here is how a cause and effect essay on the rise and fall of the food movement is based on one of the topics mentioned above. Sample Cause and Effect Essay Environment, Social and Health Implications of Food Movement The food movement is actually based on people who want to promote the value and benefits of food grown locally. This movement recommends that you buy ‘local food’ food which is near you, i.e. farmers’ market, your own garden or your state. The goal of the food movement is to keep food organic and sustainable in its natural state. This means that the food you are buying locally, should be organic and must be grown without any use of chemical pesticides or synthetic growth hormones. It significantly helps the environment, workers and animals, and especially the consumers. Historically, these factors have helped the food movement grow further throughout the world. When the Food Movement started, globalization and internationalization were at their peak. It enabled people to buy any kind of food from around the world. Fruits and vegetables of all kinds became available in all seasons. This meant that you could buy strawberries in November and so on. Globalization had spread and dominated every kind of food we see today, including: fruits and veggies, processed food, dairy food and so on. However, about 25 50 years after globalization went viral, people began to perceive afflictions that threatened our very existence and well being, which strongly correlates to this fast food paradise. Realizing the economic downfall that ensued, including health and social problems as well as political havoc, the food movement launched mainstream all around the world. For the last 30 40 years, the human race on a whole has been a victim of obesity, which has led to a number of health complications like type II diabetes, high blood pressure, thyroid problems, coronary heart disease and joint degenerative diseases. Obesity is largely the cause of consuming cheap and readily available foods which significantly increases caloric intake without the nutritional value found in whole, natural foods. This is one of the reasons that brought the food movement into existence and people started taking active part in it. Big firms that distribute fast food are one of the reasons our natural food growing environment has been withering away. This destruction is unfortunately, irreversible. The aim of large food corporations is to produce as much as they can in the least amount of time while lowering the final products costs through whatever means necessary, and delivering that food to consumers as quickly as possible. To fulfill their mission, they started performing environmentally harmful practices and now it has become a standard. These inhumane corporations provide antibiotics and synthetic growth hormones to animals, so they grow faster than usual. These animals are often subjected to cruelty, kept in cramped and unhygienic environments, as opposed to the natural habitat Mother Nature has to offer. Crops are sprinkled with harmful pesticides and are harvested through machinery, which can be looked at as form of slaughtering that destroys the soil in a very bad way. All these environmental implications have also led to the rise of the food movement. On the other hand, the food movement has played a significant role in making people aware of why locally and naturally grown food is a lot better than processed food. It has made people understand the benefits of natural food and the adverse effects we suffer along with the environment, as a result of what the big food corporations are producing. Farmers’ markets have become a hang-out point for people who share this same perspective on how major fast food companies have maligned the environment. The food movement has also helped us appreciate the providers of healthy and nutritious food more and also show gratitude to farmers who work hard to provide such great food to us. This has also fostered growth in the local food movement. Today the food movement has become a mainstream community and it is steadily picking up the speed. We can save ourselves from the role humans have played in agriculture for the last 50 years or so; the Food Movement and the philosophies of organic and sustainable agriculture are our best bet for a healthy, virtually disease-free existence. You are now armed with a number of good topic suggestions, and a sample essay to give you a better idea of what the final essay should look like. The final guide in the series discusses 3 patterns to organize your cause and effect essay on the food movement, which specifically shows you what to take into account while composing your cause and effect essay on the food movement. References: Alexandra Link and Chris Ling, June 2007. Farmers Market and Local Food Systems CRC Research. https://crcresearch.org/case-studies/crc-case-studies/farmers-markets-and-local-food-systems Mark Notaras, Oct 2014. Slow Food Movement Growing Fast Our World by United Nations University. https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/slow-food-movement-growing-fast Bryan Walsh, Feb 2011. Foodies Can Eclipse (and Save) the Green Movement Time. http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2049255,00.html Bryan Walsh, Sep 2008. Can Slow Food Feed the World? http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1838757,00.html Hesser, Amanda, July 2003 QA; Endangered Species: Slow Food The New York Times.  nytimes.com/2003/07/26/arts/q-a-endangered-species-slow-food.html Associated Press, Aug 2008. Slow Food Movement Finally Picking Up Speed Today. today.com/id/26378691#.V6b6Yrh96Uk Tamar Haspel, Jan 2016 The Surprising Truth about the Food Movement' The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/the-surprising-truth-about-the-food-movement/2016/01/25/42bed508-bfcf-11e5-9443-7074c3645405_story.html

Agave Plants of Ancient Mesoamerica

Agave Plants of Ancient Mesoamerica Maguey or agave (also called the century plant for its long life) is a native plant (or rather, lots of plants) from the North American continent, now cultivated in many parts of the world. Agave belongs to the family Asparagaceae which has 9 genera and around 300 species, about 102 taxa of which are used as human food. Agave grows in arid, semiarid, and temperate forests of the Americas at elevations between sea level to about 2,750 meters (9,000 feet) above sea level, and thrives in agriculturally marginal parts of the environment. Archaeological evidence from Guitarrero Cave indicates that agave was first used at least as long as 12,000 years ago by Archaic hunter-gatherer groups. Main Species of Agave Plants Some of the major agave species, their common names and primary uses are: Agave angustifolia, known as Caribbean agave; consumed as food and aguamiel (sweet sap)  A. fourcroydes or henequen;  grown primarily for its fiberA. inaequidens, called maguey alto because of its height or maguey bruto because the presence of saponins in its tissue can cause dermatitis;  30 different uses including food and aguamielA. hookeri, also called maguey alto, is used primarily for its fibers, sweet sap, and sometimes used to form live fencesA. sisalana or sisal hemp, primarily fiberA. tequilana, blue agave, agave azul or tequila agave; primarily for sweet sapA. salmiana or green giant, grown mainly for sweet sap Agave Products In ancient Mesoamerica, maguey was used for a variety of purposes. From its leaves, people obtained fibers to make ropes, textiles, sandals, construction materials, and fuel. The agave heart, the plants above-ground storage organ that contains carbohydrates and water, is edible by humans. The stems of the leaves are used to make small tools, such as needles. The ancient Maya used agave spines as perforators during their bloodletting rituals. One important product obtained from maguey was sweet sap, or aguamiel (honey water in Spanish), the sweet, milky juice extracted from the plant. When fermented, aguamiel is used to make a mildly alcoholic beverage called pulque, as well as distilled beverages such as mescal and modern tequila, bacanora, and raicilla. Mescal The word mescal (sometimes spelled mezcal) comes from two Nahuatl terms melt and ixcalli which together mean oven-cooked agave. To produce mescal, the core of the ripe maguey plant is baked in an earth oven. Once the agave core is cooked, it is ground to extract the juice, which is placed in containers and left to ferment. When the fermentation is complete, alcohol (ethanol) is separated from the non-volatile elements through distillation to obtain the pure mescal. Archaeologists debate whether mescal was known in pre-Hispanic times or if it was an innovation of the Colonial period. Distillation was a well-known process in Europe, derived from Arabic traditions. Recent investigations in the site of Nativitas in Tlaxcala, Central Mexico, however, are providing evidence for possible prehispanic mezcal production. At Nativitas, investigators found chemical evidence for maguey and pine inside earth and stone ovens dated between the mid- and late Formative (400 BC-AD 200) and the Epiclassic period (AD 650-900). Several large jars also contained chemical traces of agave and may have been used to store sap during the fermentation process, or used as distillation devices. Investigators Serra Puche and colleagues note that the set up at Navitas is similar to methods used to make mescal by several indigenous communities throughout Mexico, such as the Pai Pai community in Baja California, the Nahua community of Zitlala in Guerrero, and the Guadalupe Ocotlan Nayarit community in Mexico City. Domestication Processes Despite its importance in ancient and modern Mesoamerican societies, very little is known about agaves domestication. That is most likely because the same species of agave can be found in several different gradations of domestication. Some agaves are completely domesticated and grown in plantations, some are tended in the wild, some seedlings (vegetative propagules) are transplanted into home gardens, some seeds collected and grown in seedbeds or nurseries for market. In general, domesticated agave plants are larger than their wild cousins, have fewer and smaller spines, and lower genetic diversity, this last a result of being grown in plantations. Only a handful have been studied for evidence of the onset of domestication and management to date. Those include Agave fourcroydes (henequen), thought to have been domesticated by the Pre-Columbian Maya of Yucatan from A. angustafolia; and Agave hookeri, thought to have been developed from A. inaequidens at a currently unknown time and place. The Mayans and Henequen The most information we have about maguey domestication is henequen (A. fourcroydes, and sometimes spelled henequà ©n). It was domesticated by the Maya perhaps as early as 600 AD. It was certainly fully domesticated when the Spanish conquistadors arrived in the 16th century; Diego de Landa reported that henequen was grown in house-gardens and it was of much better quality than that in the wild. There were at least 41 traditional uses for henequen, but agricultural mass production at the turn of the 19th-20th century has depressed the genetic variability. There were once seven different varieties of henequen reported by the Maya (Yaax Ki, Sac Ki, Chucum Ki, Bab Ki, Kitam Ki, Xtuk Ki, and Xix Ki), as well as at least three wild varieties (called chelem white, green, and yellow). Most of them were deliberately eradicated around 1900  when extensive plantations of Sac Ki were produced for commercial fiber production. Agronomy manuals of the day recommended that farmers work towards eliminating the other varieties, which were viewed as lesser-useful competition. That process was accelerated by the invention of a fiber-extracting machine which was built to fit the Sac Ki type. The three surviving varieties of cultivated henequen left today are: Sac Ki, or white henequen, most abundant and preferred by the cordage industryYaax Ki, or green henequen, similar to white but of lower yieldKitam Ki, wild boar henequen, which has soft fiber and low yield, and is very rare, and used for hammock and sandal manufacture Archaeological Evidence for the Use of Maguey Because of their organic nature, products derived from maguey are rarely identifiable in the archaeological record. Evidence of maguey use comes instead from the technological implements used to process and store the plant and its derivatives. Stone scrapers with plant residue evidence from processing agave leaves  are abundant in Classic and Postclassic times, along with cutting and storing implements. Such implements are rarely found in Formative and earlier contexts. Ovens which may have been used to cook maguey cores have been found in archaeological sites, such as Nativitas in the state of Tlaxcala, Central Mexico, Paquimà © in Chihuahua, La Quemada in Zacatecas and at Teotihuacn. At Paquimà ©, remains of agave were found inside one of several subterranean ovens. In Western Mexico, ceramic vessels with depictions of agave plants have been recovered from several burials dated to the Classic period. These elements underscore the important role that this plant played in the economy as well as the social life of the community. History and Myth The Aztecs/Mexica had a specific patron deity for this plant, the goddess Mayahuel. Many Spanish chroniclers, such as Bernardino de Sahagun, Bernal Diaz del Castillo, and Fray Toribio de Motolinia, stressed the importance that this plant and its products had within the Aztec empire. Illustrations in the Dresden and Tro-Cortesian codices show people hunting, fishing or carrying bags for trade, using cordage or nets made from agave fibers. Edited by K. Kris Hirst Sources Casas A, Blancas J, Otero-Arnaiz A, Cruse-Sanders J, Lira R, Avendaà ±o A, Parra F, Guillà ©n S, Figueredo CJ, Torres I et al. 2016. Evolutionary Ethnobotanical Studies of Incipient Domestication of Plants in Mesoamerica. In: Lira R, Casas A, and Blancas J, editors. Ethnobotany of Mexico: Interactions of People and Plants in Mesoamerica. New York, NY: Springer New York. p 257-285.Colunga-Garcà ­aMarà ­n P. 2003. The domestication of henequen. In: Gà ³mez-Pompa A, Allen MF, Fedick SL, and Jimà ©nez-Osornio JJ, editors. The Lowland Maya Area: Three Millennia at the Human-Wildland Interface. New York: Food Products Press. p 439-446.Evans ST. 1990. The Productivity of Maguey Terrace Agriculture in Central Mexico during the Aztec Period. Latin American Antiquity 1(2):117-132.Figueredo CJ, Casas A, Colunga-Garcà ­aMarà ­n P, Nassar JM, and Gonzlez-Rodrà ­guez A. 2014. Morphological variation, management and domestication of ‘maguey alto’ (Agave inaequidens) and Ã¢â‚¬Ë œmaguey manso’ (A. hookeri) in Michoacn, Mà ©xico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 10(1):66. Figueredo CJ, Casas A, Gonzlez-Rodrà ­guez A, Nassar JM, Colunga-Garcà ­aMarà ­n P, and Rocha-Ramà ­rez V. 2015. Genetic structure of coexisting wild and managed agave populations: implications for the evolution of plants under domestication. AoB Plants 7:plv114-plv114.Freeman J, Anderies JM, Torvinen A, and Nelson BA. 2014. Crop specialization, exchange Human Ecology 42(2):297-310.and robustness in a semi-arid environment.Parsons JR and Parsons MH. 1990. Maguey Utilization in Highland Central Mexico: an archaeological ethnography. Anthropological Papers 82. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.Piven NM, Barredo-Pool FA, Borges-Argez IC, Herrera-Alamillo MA, Mayo-Mosqueda A, Herrera-Herrera JL, and Robert ML. 2001. Reproductive biology of henequà ©n (. American Journal of Botany 88(11):1966-1976.fourcroydesAgave ) and its wild ancestor Agave Angustifolia (Agavaceae). i. Gametophyte developmentRakita GFM. 2006. Emergent Complexity, Ritual Practices, and Mortuary Behavi or at Paquimà ©, Chihuahua, Mexico, in Religion in the Prehispanic Southwest, edited by VanPool CS, VanPool TL, Phillips, Jr. DA. Lanham: AltaMira Press Robertson IG, and Cabrera Cortà ©s MO. 2017. Teotihuacan pottery as evidence for subsistence practices involving maguey sap. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 9(1):11-27.Serra MC and Lazcano CA. 2010. The Drink Mescal: Its Origin and Ritual Uses, in Pre-Columbian Foodways. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Food, Culture, and Markets in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Staller J and Carrasco M. London: Springer.Serra Puche MC. 2009. Produccià ³n, circulacià ³n y consumo de la bebida del mezcal arqueolà ³gico y actual. In: Long Towell J, and Attolini Lecà ³n A, editors. Caminos y Mercados de Mà ©xico. Cuidad de Mà ©xico: Universidad Nacional Autà ³noma de Mà ©xico, Instituto de Investigaciones Histà ³ricas. p 169-184.Stewart JR. 2015. Agave as a model CAM crop system for a warming and drying world. Frontiers in Plant Science 6(684).

Analyse and evaluate the financial risks involved with establishing a Essay

Analyse and evaluate the financial risks involved with establishing a new business - Essay Example s, risk exposures have deeper impact on the organization’s standing, especially financial risks which undermine the new business resources required for jump-start the project. Financial risks refer to cash flow volatility, future investments, erosion of debt capacity or profitability level of the firm (Altman 1993). In the following essay, the researcher shall discuss how financial resources are critical for executing business plans, marketing budget and achieving organizational goals. In doing so the researcher shall describe and conclude that different types of financial risks may lead to business failure in terms of disruption in operations, decrease in working capital and exposure to environment risks. To begin with, one needs to understand that financial risks are not separate from business or management risks. For a new business, effective resource management is critical for its survival. Financial resources have even more importance for a start-up business because it helps secure employees, suppliers, service providers and attract customers (Altman 1993). Consequently, the type of financing a new business secures, defines its scope and risk challenges. For a new business, various types of financing ranging from banks, venture capitalists, owners personal assets etc. are available. Suppose a new business adopts bootstrap financing for its operations (Welsch 2003). This is a popular financing technique for new firms to finance short term funding requirements without having to commit to external organizations for the long term. These include short term borrowing from friends or family, micro financing, credit card, quasi-equity arrangements, cooperative assets, lease or client bas ed funding etc. However, according to Neeley (Welsch 2003), bootstrap financing is a low cost source of financing but poses high risks to the business because it is a short term funding method, which can be discontinued at any time, resulting in disruption of cash flows to the

How to Apply Strategic Management Skills Research Paper

How to Apply Strategic Management Skills - Research Paper Example   Designing Vision and Objectives for the Firm It is important for managers to define the purpose of the organization. The vision of a firm informs the employees and the customers about the purpose and value of the firm (Mind Tools, 2011). It is an essential part of an application of strategic management skills to design vision of a firm so as to guide employees regarding their behavior. Customers can also learn through the vision of a firm about how can they be benefitted by the firm. Usually, the vision of a firm is defined in a sentence or a statement commonly known as the vision statement. It entails the long-term purpose of the firm and how employees are supposed to operate in the company. Strategic management is all about taking strategic decisions and strategic decisions have certain characteristics. Strategic decisions are of high magnitude, they have a long-term focus, and they require the high level of commitment (Haberberg & Rieple, 2007). The vision statement is also a strategic decision because it has all of three characteristics. Objectives of the firm are more specific short-term targets. Strategic management skills are applied to define short-term targets for the firm and short-term targets are important for a firm because they serve as steps that can lead the firm to the long-term targets. Firms also require regular assessment of their position and for that short-term targets serve useful. The vision of a firm is a broadly defined purpose of the organization, on the other hand, objectives are short-term targets that can be measured empirically and are specific. Managers should always check whether the firm is treading on the right path or not, and vision and objectives help managers in this regard. Allocation of Resources An important job of a manager is to allocate resources between different departments of the firm. Allocation of resources should be done in a way so as to maximize the profits of the firm at the lowest possible costs. In tod ay’s dynamic business environment all the business functions have considerable importance and allocating resources between different function can be a daunting task. This is where strategic management skills come into play. It is vital that the resources are distributed in the best possible way so that the profits of the firm can be maximized. Allocation of resources should be done in such a way that objectives of the firms are achieved (Alkhafaji, 2003). Resources should be allocated keeping in mind the current standing of the firm in the market. For example, a newly founded firm should allocate more resources to marketing and product development while a relatively old firm should focus on customer satisfaction and better financial performance. This is how the decision of allocation of resources may differ in different types of firms. Today’s tough financial situations have made an efficient allocation of resources essential for firms. Almost all firms have limited re sources and it has to finance all its major operations in order to survive.  Ã‚  

Types of information Essay Example for Free

Types of information Essay Analysis of the different types of information used in the business that I chose. This task will be an analysis of how the purpose of information from task 1 will be developed into more detail. First there is verbal information this can be face-to-face or via a phone call with a customer or another person from another company this is the easiest form of communication because it is right there and then you will get a response from the customer straight away this is also called a two-way communication. The purpose of this type of information is for the customer to receive the right information about a product that they are trying to find out about, e.g. vehicle tax, parcels or anything about post office products. There are a few pros and cons of verbal communication. The pros of two-way communication is that you can see the person who is in front of you and you can also look at their body language while you are discussing about a  product and if they look confused you can spot it and try to give more detail so the customer is happy with the response to their question. Another pro is that if the customer wants to ask a question they will receive an answer at that moment whilst if they were on the internet they wouldn’t know when that person is going to be on in order to answer their question. The cons of verbal information are that if it’s a phone call you can’t see their body language so you don’t know if the customer could be confused with the way that the information is being told to them. Another con would be language barrier, this meaning that the person who you are speaking to may have a strong accent and might not be understood clearly and this may create issues while trying to help the customer with what they need help. Written communication is a more formal way and can be very useful in many cases, this is a one way communication as the response is not going to be at the same moment. The way that written communication is showed to post office employee and customers is in leaflets and whenever there is a change in a product they will send a booklet with all the information about the changes. The purpose of written communication is to inform a customer through a message in a way that they are able to understand what the leaflet is trying to say this is also a good reference point for people to go back to. A pro of written communication is that whoever is reading it will not have a problem understating it, whilst if a word was said it could easily be misunderstood and could have a different meaning to what was actually meant to be said. Another pro is that you can always keep a copy of what was written to come back for a reference. There are a couple cons to written communication one of them being is that if it comes by post it could be lost this means that you wouldn’t be able to know what was on that letter and also the people that sent it wouldn’t know that it was received also if its sent by email there is a possibility that it could be hacked. In the business it is essential that all workers have a good level of written skills as this is essential to that type of job. On-screen communication is used in many ways by a company in this case it is used to show the exchange rate money. The purpose of this way of communication is to inform the customers of the exchange rate and how much  of a foreign currency they can get for an amount of money of their choice. A pro to this is that the customer always knows the exchange rate of the product they want to buy also there is no way of the post office person not giving the right amount of money to the customer. A con to this is that if the screen is up to date than the customers wouldn’t be satisfied with the way that a product is being shown and also with incorrect information. Multimedia is used in many ways by companies. There is Facebook and Twitter page/s or TV adverts. The purpose for multimedia in this type of business, generally is just about advertising products, customer’s feedback and Ways of checking new products or finding information about other post offices e.g. news about them and what is happening at Royal Mail, E.g. what they might be planning to bring out. A pro to this is that many people who are/ would be interested in this type of product would be very happy about being able to find out about what products and what alterations are being done to older products. A con to this is that some people might not be able to find out about the changes through websites or TV adverts this could be as a result of not knowing where to look or when the adverts are showing. Web-based communication is used by the company. This is through the Royal Mail website which its purpose is to give the customer an idea about product prices, finding where a parcel is by searching for it through a barcode and shopping for products e.g. stamps. Having this website can make it a lot easier for customers which have queries and this would be the ideal place to share them. Also the royal mail website is a great way to shop for a wide variety of products like special stamps like Common Wealth Game stamps, First World War stamps etc. and business supplies. Task 3 Royal Mail has been a public service, operating as a government department or public corporation. However, following the Postal Services Act 2011 a majority of the shares in Royal Mail were floated on the London Stock Exchange on 15 October 2013 and the company became a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index on 23 December 2013. The post office has undergone a lot of changes during the last two years as this has been part of the Royal Mail privatisation. Royal Mail since the privatisation has come up with many new  products in order to keep the customers happy and satisfied with their products. Royal mail is also planning another change during the Christmas time and this is probably to beat off competition. The decisions for this type of product change would have to go through the finance office and if they decide that this is a good decision which will need to be made in order to help the company move forward then the finance is going to be more than likely to fund it. After this decision has been made then it is up to the marketing side to go and make all the product design and specifications which are going to take over the old product. One thing that Royal Mail wants to see as part of this change is if the customers are feeling happier with the new product specifications. If the customers feel happy about the changes then the change was an appropriate decision which was undertaken by Royal Mail. This also means that one decision can lead to another decision. In this case the company would probably decide to keep the new product specifications out in the market. As Royal Mail is always competing against other companies to keep prices lower this would suggest that if more customers were using the post office for Royal Mail products this means that the company is ahead of other competitors. In order for the finance sector to fund any new projects that marketing has required to do them will first need to see a detailed plan of what the cost of the materials is going to be for example when the new idea for the labels for abroad parcels came forward, finance then would probably go to find out what the cost is going to be to supply all of the stores around UK with enough products. Then the next step of the finance – marketing job is for the marketing to find a way to advertise the new products but sometimes this is not the case. Royal Mail could basically just send you the new product and say here you go that’s the new product and it’s going to be available to the public form this date and so on. In their efforts of making the whole Post Office experience better for customers and increase profits Royal Mails is constantly coming up with new ideas and this is not only to beat off competition but also the main reason is to keep their customers happy and if that works then more customers would be happy of using their services. The finance and marketing area are the most important aspect of the Royal Mail company as without them the new ideas wouldn’t not be able to be financed and also the company would not be able do as good as they can and competing against other companies  would be a big challenge. This also means that marketing plays a key role in the company and how they do the advertising could mean the company doing good rather than bad. This all falls down to the decisions which are being made by these two sectors in order to keep the business in good shape. For the marketing sector they will look at many ideas from Facebook, twitter page/TV adverts. They will a lso encourage people to find out about new products through multimedia’s.

Sacrifice of Values to Please Authority in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay

Sacrifice of Values to Please Authority in Shakespeare's Hamlet It seems that it is human nature to want to please others, but compromising ones values in order to do so can result in people getting hurt emotionally or physically. In William Shakespeare's Hamlet, the desire to please those in authority overweighs the judgment of many characters. These characters are more interested in pleasing those in power than doing what is in their best interest. This is seen in Polonious' eager attempt to use Ophelia, in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's being coerced into spying on a good friend, and finally in Laertes' all too easy manipulation by Claudius to take revenge on his fathers' death. In all these instances, the characters put their better judgment aside in order to do something to please a monarch. The bond between father and daughter is something that some consider sacred. Polonious uses this bond with Ophelia to please Claudius and Gertrude in finding our what is wrong with Hamlet. The King and Queen were very upset at Hamlet's seeming insanity. They tell Rosencrantz and Guildenstern that finding out what is wrong with Hamlet would be "the supply and profit of [their] hope (P.34)." They are obviously disenchanted at his behavior, and Polonious knows this, and tries to use his daughter to prove his theory. When Ophelia came and described to him her meeting with Hamlet in Act I, Polonious immediately took her to the King. Polonious, acting on his duty to "both [his] God and to [his] gracious king (P. 34)" took Ophelia to Claudius to see if he could be any help in trying to find out what is wrong with Hamlet. He quickly tells the king that he will ".loose [his] daughter to [Hamlet] (p. 38)" and concocts an elaborate plan t... ...how others perceived them, especially those in power, than doing what was really in the best interest for everyone. These characters were manipulated by brutal puppet-masters that toyed with their strings to get the response that they wanted, knowing full well that all would agree to anything in order to please them. This urge to do what was wanted by those in ascendancy was so great a weight, that values were pushed aside for a chance to glimmer in the light of attention from important figures in society. Works Cited and Consulted Long, Michael. A Study of Values in Shakespearean Tragedy. London: Methuen and Company, 1976. Mirrior, Ivor. "Hamlet." The Role of Authority in the Tragedies. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1972. 369-430. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Susanne L. Wofford. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Boston: St. Martin's, 1994.

Environmental Psychology Essay

Environmental psychology is the study of transactions between individuals and their physical settings (Gifford, 2007a). In these transactions, individuals change their environments, and their behavior and experiences are changed by their environments. It includes theory, research, and practice aimed at making the built environment more humane and improving human relations with the natural environment. Considering the enormous investment society makes in the physical environment (including buildings, parks, streets, the atmosphere, and water) and the huge cost of misusing nature and natural resources, environmental psychology is a key component of both human and environmental welfare. Environmental psychologists work at three levels of analysis: (a) fundamental psychological processes like perception of the environment, spatial cognition, and personality as they filter and structure human experience and behavior, (b) the management of social space: personal space, territoriality, crowding, and privacy, and the physical setting aspects of complex everyday behaviors, such as working, learning, living in a residence and community, and (c) human interactions with nature and the role of psychology in climate change (e.g., Gifford, 2008a). The history of environmental psychology has been reviewed elsewhere (see Bechtel & Churchman, 2002, Bell, Greene, Fisher, & Baum, 2001, and Gifford, 2007a). But, for perspective, we note that early 20th century psychologists studied the effect of noise (United States) and heat (England) on work performance, while scholars in Germany and Japan explored concepts and moral philosophy related to environmental psychology. By mid-century, environmental psychology was a clearly established discipline with work on topics such as sensory isolation, personal space, and building design. Journals devoted to the field were established; the most prominent of these are the Journal of Environmental Psychology and Environment and Behavior. The IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology, First Edition. Edited by Paul R. Martin, Fanny M. Cheung, Michael C. Knowles, Michael Kyrios, Lyn Littlefield, J. Bruce Overmier, and Josà © M. Prieto.  © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Published 2011 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. c18.indd 440 11/25/2010 8:54:04 PMMartin—IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology Se Environmental Psychology 441 While recognizing the value of theory and research, many environmental psychologists nevertheless prefer to apply knowledge. Instead of working in an research setting, many enter into consultancy or public service to make good use of research findings for developing policy or solving local problems. Some are geared to improving the built environment (e.g., Preiser, Vischer, & White, 1991), while others are dedicated to overcoming sustainability problems in the natural and global ecosystems (e.g., Gifford, 2007b; Nickerson, 2003). The Distinctiveness of Environmental Psychology Most psychologists examine the relations between environmental stimuli and human responses in one way or another. However, what sets environmental psychology apart is its commitment to research and practice that subscribe to these goals and principles: (a) Improve the built environment and stewardship of natural resources, (b) Study everyday settings (or close simulations of them), (c) Consider person and setting as a holistic entity, (d) Recognize that individuals actively cope with and shape environments; they do not passively respond to environmental forces, (e) Work in conjunction with other disciplines. Figure 18.1 broadly depicts the scope of environmental psychology.

Dear friend – a letter about Animal Farm

Dear friend! We've just read â€Å"Animal Farm† in class. â€Å"Animal farm†, or â€Å"Animal Farm: A Fairy Story† as the original title was, was a little manuscript which was published right after the Second World War by George Orwell, ever heard of him? It was a book that was originally placed in the shelves of children's books, and was read as a fairytale (as the previous title presumed you would do). But behind the naive and sort of innocent surface, there was a hidden message†¦ between the lines there laid a story about political reforms and great historical events. A story about revolution, power and animalism! It's really good! â€Å"Animal Farm† is a short novel based on the hard life of the animals, which live somewhere in England on a farm called â€Å"Manor Farm†. After the oldest pig on the farm realizes he is going to die soon, he gathers all the animals on the farm in the barn to tell about his dreams for the future: A revolutionary dream, where animals are the one in command, not the humans. The story that follows tells us about how the animals are getting their much wanted power, and how they use it, and don't use it. When I read â€Å"Animal Farm†, I clearly saw that the animals in the story were actually used to illustrate real human beings from historical revolutions. Just as a puppet show for children. The Russian Revolution, which is the most obvious revolution you would compare the content in the book with, is rewritten in a humorous way, excellent done by the author. With this in mind, it is therefore easy to see that for instance the group of sheep at the farm are the masses, the followers, the kinds that â€Å"don't give a damn† about what's going on. That's how the masses in the real life revolution were described as well. You may then see what I realized after reading this easy-read novel: You must always ask questions. Don't take things for granted, don't do things just because you're told so, and most important: Don't be a sheep! Just instead of telling the heavy story like in a history book, he puts his own individual twist on it. And it sells! George Orwell tells a story about the past (and present) to inform the public. He expresses his opinions by letting the readers have a look at the puppet show of the revolutions, a satiric story which warn us against communism and dictatorship. I loved â€Å"Animal Farm† because I find it funny, but at the same time educational and interesting. It made me think, and wary of the government! I think this is a book with meaning and moral lessons for everyone; it's suitable for all age, especially pupils and students, so it's perfect for you! I would say this is a unique fable, with a classic theme, and with a brilliant ending (which I won't reveal to you). It's sort of â€Å"mind-blowing†! I hope by telling you this that you will experience the same thing! Order it now! It can never be read too often! 🙂 Best regards, Tony.

The Negative Impact of Internet to Youth Research Paper Example

The Negative Impact of Internet to Youth Research Paper Example The Negative Impact of Internet to Youth Paper The Negative Impact of Internet to Youth Paper The advent of the Internet has been one of the most exciting major events in the second half of the 20th century. The ancient dream of â€Å"a scholar knows all things happening in the world without venturing outdoors† has finally become a reality. But there are also people who do not support this growing trend mainly because of its negative impact on the society such as spreading the habit of Sexting, the threat of Cyberbullying and also antisocial. To begin with, Sexting is the bad influence caused by the internet because of social networking website such as Facebook and Twitter appeared. Not to leave the pornography website. Sexting is defined as sending, receiving, or forwarding sexually explicit messages, photographs, or images via cell phone, computer, or other digital devices The consequences to youth are their reputations, social lives, and future careers can be ruined as a result of nude and/or explicit pictures going public. Another frightening scenario nowadays is Cyberbullying. It means the misuse of communication technologies for the intention of harming another person. This can cause profound psychosocial outcomes including depression, anxiety, severe isolation, and, tragically suicide. Also the internet now days is causing society to become antisocial , overuse of the internet usage is taking the society away from doing important social activities such as spending time with family, friends and neighbours. Furthermore, there is a serious concern involving the proliferation of inappropriate content, such as violence, bias, hate speech, profanity, and pornography. The Internet gives children an easy way to find information and it permits unwelcomed messages to find their way to children. On the other hand, the positive effects of the using Internet is low costs, can builds credibility and for connection. Internet is for personal and business use if free. It is an easy and cost effective way to reach your consumers and people in your network. Nevertheless, impact of using internet is lack of anonymity such as using social networking usually requires you to input your name, location, age, gender and many other types of personal information. Being online you are at risk to face cases of harassment, cyber-stalking, online scams and identity theft. As conclusion, Internet can have various effect to the youth is more negative such as habit of Sexting, the threat of Cyberbullying and not to leave antisocial. Parent is the important persons that choose which one is appropriate with their children.

Definition and Examples of Regionalisms in English

Definition and Examples of Regionalisms in English Regionalism is a  linguistic term for a word, expression, or pronunciation favored by speakers in a particular geographic area. Many regionalisms [in the U.S.] are relics, notes R.W. Burchfield: words brought over from Europe, chiefly the British Isles, and preserved in one area or another either because of the continuance of older ways of life in these localities, or because a particular type of English  was early established and has not been fully overlaid or undermined (Studies in Lexicography, 1987). In practice, dialect expressions and regionalisms often overlap, but the terms are not identical. Dialects  tend to be associated with groups of people while  regionalisms are  associated with geography. Numerous regionalisms can be found within a particular dialect. The largest and most authoritative collection of regionalisms in American English is the six-volume  Dictionary of American Regional English  (DARE), published between 1985 and 2013. The digital edition of DARE was launched in 2013.   Etymology From the Latin, to ruleExamples and Observations The following definitions were adapted from the  Dictionary of American Regional English.flannel cake  (n) A pancake.  (Usage: Appalachians)flea in ones ear  (n) A hint, warning, disquieting disclosure; a rebuke.  (Usage: chiefly the Northeast)mulligrubs  (n) A condition of despondency or ill temper; a vague or imaginary unwellness.  (Usage: scattered, but especially the South)nebby  (adj) Snoopy, inquisitive.  (Usage: chiefly Pennsylvania)pungle  (v) To shell out; to plunk down (money); to pay up.  (Usage: chiefly West)say-so  (n) An ice-cream cone.  (Usage: scattered)(Celeste Headlee, Regional Dictionary Tracks The Funny Things We Say. Weekend Edition on National Public Radio, June 14, 2009) Pop vs. Soda In the [American] South it’s called Coke, even when it’s Pepsi. Many in Boston say tonic. A precious few even order a fizzy drink. But the debate between those soft drink synonyms is a linguistic undercard in the nation’s carbonated war of words. The real battle: pop vs. soda. (J. Straziuso, Pop vs. Soda Debate. Associated Press, September 12, 2001) Turnpike In Delaware, a turnpike refers to any highway, but in Florida, a turnpike is a toll road. (T. Boyle, The Gremlins of Grammar. McGraw-Hill, 2007) Sack and Poke Sack and poke were both originally regional terms for bag. Sack has since become a Standard term like bag, but poke remains regional, mainly in South Midland Regional dialect. (Kenneth Wilson, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English, 1993) Regionalism in England What some call a roll, others call a bun, or a cob, or a bap, or a bannock, while in other areas [of England] more than one of these words is used with different meanings for each.(Peter Trudgill, The Dialects of England. Wiley, 1999)How do you make your tea? If you come from Yorkshire you probably ‘mash’ it, but people in Cornwall are more likely to ‘steep’ it or ‘soak’ it and southerners often ‘wet’ their tea.(Leeds Reporter, March 1998) Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE) As chief editor of the Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE), a massive effort to collect and record local differences in American English, I spend my days researching the countless examples of regional words and phrases and trying to track their origins. Launched in 1965 at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the project is based on thousands of interviews, newspapers, government records, novels, letters, and diaries. . . .[E]ven as we near the finish line, I encounter a common misperception: people seem to think that American English has become homogenized, making the dictionary a catalog of differences long since flattened out by media, business, and population shifts. There’s a grain of truth to that. Certain regional terms have been weakened by commercial influences, like Subway’s sub sandwich, which seems to be nibbling away at hero, hoagie, and grinder. It’s also true that strangers tend to talk to each other in a somewhat homogeneous voca bulary, and that more Americans are moving away from their linguistic homes as they relocate for school, work, or love.But DARE’s research shows that American English is as varied as ever. The language is diversified by immigration, of course, but also people’s creative license and the resilient nature of local dialects. We have dozens of ways to refer to a remote place, for instance, including the boonies, the sticks, the tules, the puckerbrush, and the willywags. The proverbial village idiot, in such a place, might still be described as unfit to carry guts to a bear or pour piss out of a boot. If his condition is temporary, a Southerner might call him swimmy-headed, meaning dizzy. And if his home is dirty, a Northeasterner might call it skeevy, an adaptation of schifare, the Italian verb to disgust.As these examples suggest, the regionalisms that persist are often not those we learn from books or teachers or newspapers; they are the words we use with friends and fami ly, the phrases we’ve known forever and never questioned until someone from away remarked on them.  (Joan Houston Hall, How to Speak American. Newsweek, August 9, 2010) Regionalisms in the American South Vocabulary is . . . strikingly different in various parts of the South. Nowhere but in the Deep South is the Indian-derived bobbasheely, which William Faulkner employed in The Reivers, used for a very close friend, and only in Northern Maryland does manniporchia (from the Latin mania a potu, craziness from drink) [mean] the D.T.s (delirium tremens). Small tomatoes would be called tommytoes in the mountains (tommy-toes in East Texas, salad tomatoes in the plains area, and cherry tomatoes along the coast). Depending on where you are in the South, a large porch can be a veranda, piazza, or gallery; a burlap bag can be a tow sack, crocus sack, or grass sack; pancakes can be flittercakes, fritters, corncakes, or battercakes; a harmonica can be a mouth organ or french harp; a closet can be a closet or a locker; and a wishbone can be a wishbone or pulley bone. There are hundreds of synonyms for a cling peach (green peach, pickle peach, etc.), kindling wood (lightning wood, lighted knots) an d a rural resident (snuff chewer, kicker, yahoo).  (Robert Hendrickson, The Facts on File Dictionary of American Regionalisms. Facts on File, 2000) Pronunciation: REE-juh-na-LIZ-um

Arthur Miller Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Arthur Miller - Essay Example This essay â€Å"Arthur Miller† describes the career of the famous American author who helped introduce a new approach to theater following World War II. Although theater had already begun to focus on realistic portrayals, Miller introduced a depth of field previously unsuspected. His plays focus on the stories of everyday Americans struggling and often not quite reaching the quintessential American Dream. In these presentations, he explores the various social issues involved, such as the changing American landscape and new attitudes of women, while he also reveals the very human personal weaknesses of his characters as they struggle to attain a quality of life woefully out of their reach and/or completely destructive to the family left behind. More than simply focusing on a single individual, Miller’s plays also tend to have a broad-reaching appeal, addressing political and social issues he saw around him as well as remaining true to the original context. With an under standing of the various types of work he has engaged in, it is possible to discuss the various aspects of Miller’s work that have made him famous some of which are the reasons he stands out to me as being a particularly outstanding author. Miller is most widely known for his work as a playwright, but he produced some notable works in other areas as well. When he first began working in New York, Miller also supported himself by writing scripts for various radio programs like Columbia Workshop (CBS) and Cavalcade of America (NBC).