Importance of English in Pakistan Essay

As time is passing, the language of the English men and Americans seems to grow in significance. English is becoming the most common form of communication in the world and most of the countries in the world have their academic curriculum being taught in English. It is time for Pakistan to also make a shift from the Urdu medium system of education to the English system because it’s the need of the hour. Since independence, Urdu was promoted to become the language to be used in all factions of the country. However as time passed people started realizing that international standards required them to learn a language which is understood by majority of the world. The people of Pakistan realized that for their country to develop they need to know how to communicate in English or they will be lost in the competing forces of the world. The British education system was introduced after few years of independence. People started shifting from the local Urdu medium education to the British education system. However the transition took a lot of time as private school sector was very small in the beginning. Only the elite could educate their children with the British education system as it was very expensive. However when the trend of private schools began to emerge, students from a British educational background were preferred for jobs all over the country. The government of Pakistan realized the growing importance of English and then made English as a compulsory language to be taught in all schools. English continues to be the source of communication in both the private and government offices. In this era of globalization with increasing amounts of international trade one needs to know how to communicate in English. People in Pakistan are in continuous contact with international traders and all of them have to communicate in English. The various business software used in organizations such as Multinational Companies and Banks are all in English and one needs to be totally familiar with the language to operate them. There are various critics who believe that English is harmful for the country. They argue that our culture and our traditions require Urdu to be the language for all purposes. They say that by adopting English we are going to forget our culture and lose our identity as English is not what defines us. The trend of communicating in English has grown to the extent that the elite of the country use English as the medium to communicate with their friends and family in daily life. The younger generation feels inferior if they can not communicate in English properly. Many of the young children have a stronger grip of English than Urdu. Majority of the population in the country now prefers the British education system and public schools are only filled by people of the lower income class who could not afford private education. No doubt learning English is very important for the people of Pakistan but they should not forget that it is not the language which defines them or their culture. English should be used as a medium of education but the value of the mother language Urdu should not be undermined.

Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento

Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento Composed by: Giovanni Paisiello Nel cor piu non mi sento Brillar la gioventu; Cagion del mio tormento, Amor, sei colpa tu. Mi pizzichi, mi stuzzichi, Mi pungichi, mi mastichi; Che cosa e Questo ahime? Pieta, pieta, pieta! Amore e un certo che, Che disperar mi fa. Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento Giovanni Paisiello was the most popular comic composer of his time. His operas (of which he is known to have composed 94) abound with melodies, the graceful beauty of which is still appreciated.His church music was very voluminous, composing of eight masses, besides many smaller works. He also produced 51 instrumental compositions and many detached pieces. As the eighteenth century operatic scene that surrounded and influenced Mozart emerged into clearer view, Giovanni Paisiello was recognized as one of its most significant shapers. He began composing opera as soon as he left the Conservatory of San Onofrio in Naples in 1763. In Naples, he soon became established as a popular local composer.He was noted for simplifying operatic style in the interests of getting more quickly to the plot and keeping it moving. His tendency towards concision was even greater strengthened when he accepted employment in the court of Catherine the Great of Russia in 1776. She demanded that productions in her theater last no more than an hour and a half. He strove to make his melodies more appealing, his orchestration more colorful, and make the music help illustrate the plot. This is clearly apparent in â€Å"Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento. This upbeat aria is one in which includes comic relief as well as a fast paced rhythm and mood. Well under two minutes, it is concise. Paisiello was known for his short compositions. This song does a great job of attracting people’s attention and keeping that attention, no matter how short or long the piece may be. â€Å"Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento† comes from â€Å"L’Amor contrastato, produced in Naples in 1789. It was perfo rmed throughout Europe for many, many years. In other cities, the opera was sometimes called different names.Nevertheless, this aria in general became immensely popular. Famous stars sang the elaborate piece, as Beethoven wrote piano variations of it. Audiences remembered â€Å"Nel Cor Piu Non Mi Sento† because it was simple. Also, it was repeated many times throughout the scene in the opera. It is sung by Rachelina, then by a tenor suitor, Colloandro, and the ending is repeated as a duet. Its short and quick rhythmic sound stuck in people’s minds in which contributed to the great success of this song.As for the character of this song, it is best shown through the actual character(s) it was written for. The scene of the opera takes place within Rachelina’s home in the countryside near Naples. Rachelina is described as â€Å"a rich mill-owner and imprudent in love. † In the scene, she is working; something that women in earlier operas seldom did. Sorroundi ng her I assume would be common items found within a home. I expect that she may be in her kitchen cleaning somewhere. As for what she wants, can be compared to what we all want. True love!Love has been driving her crazy and she does not feel as well as usual. She, like most of the world, does not understand how love can make us so crazy at times. Learning about a character that is already discovered and developed, it is almost easier to express emotion into this song. I believe this is because I am a woman and I can relate to how Rachelina is feeling. Also, I try to place myself in her shoes, and truly exert her emotions through my voice. It is a rewarding experience when you allow yourself to become another character. That’s what makes music so much fun!

Cannabis in the USA

Cannabis in the USA Hemp and Cannabis has had a long, complicated history in the United States. Originally used by colonists for textile and industry, the way cannabis has been utilized has had a lasting effect on American society. Currently outlawed by the federal government, the use of cannabis has gone through many changes in recent years. By targeting minorities through the judicial system, being part of the war on drugs, and social prejudices- recreational cannabis use has been influential in mass incarceration, institutionalization of minorities, and prevented thorougeh medical research until recent. With the perception and status of marijuana in the United States rapidly changing, its effect has shifted American society. During the 1600s the colonies of Virginia, Massachusetts, and Connecticut had farms grow hemp to promote industry and economic stimulation. Used to manufacture rope and textile, the versatile plant had a varying implementation worldwide. Being extremely strong in its fibers and its durability caused many early farmers to utilize hemp and cannabis as their primary source of income. Being brought to the americas by the english navy, according to historian Martin booth, and was intended to be planted on over 10,000 acres once it reached the Americans. As colonists expanded they were introduced to the Native Americans species of the plant. This is when history of cannabis would transform. Before the 18th century the only smokable version of cannabis was hash, but as cannabis sativa was introduced to famers its use changed and marijuana was found in the americas. Although the female plant was smoked around the world in ritualistic tribal practices, the americas had yet to explore the plan ts intoxicating effect. Although its recreational us existed, the more popular and common use of the plant was medicinal. Used in tea to treat coughs, or as a painkiller marijuana became very useful in colonial america where modern medicine was not nearly advanced. This impacted the society of colonists as planters were able to sell and profit off the plant fairly easily. Its versatile use brought industry and economic development to colonists at a time where they sought to find their place on a new frontier. It wasnt until 1937 when marijuana use was criminalized in the United States, but this policy change came from a long social prejudice towards the plants and its users. When the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906 the perception of marijuana was seen by the public as an over the counter remedy as well as a drug used by the Mexican. Stories and rumors of nightmares and mania due to the affiliation with the culture of Mexican and colored peoples in American. As fearful sentiment grew, the campaign to make cannabis illegal grew. Because hemp production remained relevant, special interests were looking to control its production. This is one of the reasons legislatures pushed for its illegalization. State by state legislatures of the 1900s used the combination of racism and industrial instability to successfully outlaw cannabis federally. The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 was the last step to restricting hemp and cannabis usage to wealthy industrialists and medical professionals. The ef fect of pushing this plant from the mainstream was it handed growth and distribution of the plant, now labeled drug, into the underground and criminal sector. Useful in many ways, the use of marijuana was not able to be fully prevented. By the 1960s the perception of the plant changed dramatically. No longer being socially embraced, marijuana was now a part of the drug community- leading to the perception that it is a gateway drug. In fact, marijuanas classification as a schedule I drug was justified vary minimally and actually goes against the DEA’s own definition. The DEA labels a drug schedule I if it posses a high potential for abuse, yet the studies done during the 1940s show that the plant is not as addictive and harmful as the public perceived. This had a long lasting effect not only on politics, but also on the social dynamics of areas infested with drugs. As President Richard Nixon was elected there were a few key problems on his agenda. Along with solving wars abroad, one of the cornerstone’s of nixon’s campaign was to reduce the rampant use of drugs in America. With the so-called crack epidemic at large, legislatures scrambled to find solutions. President Nixon’s solution was proposed as the â€Å"War on Drugs†- making drug abuse public enemy number one in the United States. America’s poor neighborhoods were littered with drug use, marijuana being included in the public’s perception of the issue, and led to many policy changes which would unfairly punish those in possession of small amounts of schedule I drugs. Mass incarceration, drug addiction, and social injustice all became entangled in a number of policies all hidden behind the government initiative to â€Å"fight† drugs. The government campaign claimed to prevent new addicts, and rehabilitation of those who are addicted, but in reality it would be directed toward eradication, interdiction, and incarceration. Cannabis played a large role in enabling corrupt and racist government officials to institutionalize people of color into a prison pipeline. Marijuanas controversial acceptance by some in the US government showed that the plant’s mis-classification caused extreme detriment to those in impoverished and uneducated communities. The funding for programs of education, prevention, and rehabilitation were cut from an annual average of $386 million to $362 million. This trend had enormous impacts on the targets of the war as the administration and policy makers targeted the wrong issue, and only fed the fire. Less education and more jobs left those suffering from addiction to dive deeper into their problems, until they were locked up, most likely for life. Sentences for minor drug possessions increased dramatically, and started the problem of mass incarceration in the United States. Sentences for these offenses changed once Congress enacted an abundance of laws requiring specific minimums of five or ten years or more for specific criminal acts regardless of the circumstances in which they might have been performed or the character of the guilty party. These statutes were confined to drug offenses.. In effect, the guidelines took the sentencing power away from the judiciary and handed it over to the prosecution. It was the focus on race which increased racial disparities in the judicial system. These systemic inequalities caused African Americans to be incarcerated at more than 5 times the rate of whites, according to Ethan Nadelmann in the Foreign Policy. Yet as years passed, so did legislation to a path towards legalization of marajuiana. In 2012 Colorado and Washignton became the first states to legalize recreational use. By taxing and regulation the use of marajuana, many changes and benefits were seen. The I-502 bill was able to be passed because of the public’s change in perception of marijuana. With 9 states following in 2018, citizens around the nation understood and came to accept recreational use. In colorado the effects were tremendous. Providing billions of dollars in revenue, the state was able to increase funding to publc works and education. The legalization process was extremely influential in pursuading other states to follow the trend as the economic boost was undeniable. The perception of marijuana in the United States changed mostly because of scientific research which was able to open the eyes of lawmakers and constituents alike. In understanding the plants possible applications in cancer treatment, tumor reduction, as well as its holistic versatility- states have become more willing to push towards legalization. The next step, it seems, is decriminalization as many victims of the war on drugs and disciminatory policing still remain behind bars for minor possession charges. With many support groups around the nation growing, many states look to the plant to bring an economic stimulant to their state.

Future world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future world - Essay Example Governments across the globe are willingly and solidly supporting a human genome project that will totally map the chromosomes of all human beings. Advocates of genetic testing, genetic engineering, and cloning are strongly testifying to the massive benefits the human genome project will bring to humanity. But numerous questions are still bothering the critical public: What will the world look like in regard to genetic testing, genetic engineering, and cloning? Can the information learned from the Human Genome Project be used to eradicate disease? What are the ethical implications and how might this power be misused? This essay provides brief answers to these unsettling issues. When you come right down to it, the reason that we did this job is because it was an organic necessity. If you are a scientist, you cannot stop such a thing. If your are scientist, you believe that it is good to find out how the world works; that it is good to find what the realities are; that it is good to turn over to mankind at large the greatest possible power to control the world. The interesting point in Oppenheimer’s statement is his stress on the idea that science, as well as technology, is inevitable and relentless with the concurrent argument that its objective is to manipulate nature (Annas, 1989, 1), conflicting ideas that appear similarly at the core of the human genome project. The Wall Street Journal looks more accustomed and open to the commercial uses and future benefits of genetic engineering, genetic mapping and sequencing, and cloning than National Institutes of Health (NIH), even though Congressional backing of the project is anchored mainly in the expectation that genetic mapping can strengthen the leading position of the United States in the industry of biotechnology (Annas, 1989, 1-2). Thus the question is: What will

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Criminal Justice - Essay Example (Bassiouni 34) It is not possible for a justice system to have all people accused of committing a crime get a free trial or vice versa. It is not easy to have absolute justice or free trial and getting the opposite maybe a little easier. But we can use the parameter of the percentage of free trials conducted against the unfair trials to determine if it is possible for a crime suspect to get a fair hearing. In my opinion, it is possible for a person accused of crime to get a free trial in the United States and I think a majority actually do. Whether a crime suspect gets a free trial depends on the following requirements. A free trial requires: All parties involved in a criminal trial have the right to examine all the witnesses. Everyone is entitled to examine or have examined the witnesses under the same conditions. The crime suspect should have unlimited right to obtain the compulsory attendance of witnesses and under similar conditions of the prosecution side. In free trial the most examined specific guarantee is the right of the criminal to be provided with legal counsel. (Planck 3)The person accused of crime should also be able to communicate with his or her legal counsel. It is also important that a fair balance is struck between the amount and availability of legal counsel to parties to the case. The suspect should get the same amount of legal counsel as the prosecution side. In the American justice system, if a suspect cannot afford an attorney, one is provided for by the state. So as to avoid arbitrariness and bias that can potentially arise from a criminal trial, the proceedings should be conducted by a competent and neutral judge. The institutions in charge of the proceedings should also have the same principles and characteristics. (Bassiouni 34) In my opinion the American justice system fulfils the above requirements needed for a fair trial to a person suspected of a crime. This position is however not absolute since

Education Administration No Child Left Behind Essay

Education Administration No Child Left Behind - Essay Example Next is the improvement of flexibility and local control. It also provides an increased number of options for parents. Lastly it stresses on proven teaching techniques. The phrase, "No Child Left Behind" (NCLB) has become a slogan for the federal scheme to increase "accountability" in American education. But despite the fact that NCLB is a federal plan, it will be up to the individual countries to make the plans and procedures that accomplish NCLB requirements. NCLB does not provide the new mandate with adequate funds. Thus this has an effect on opinions of many schools and parents. Many states have implemented this policy by now, but this has an impact on the parents and schools as they had to face many difficulties while coping up with the policy. This article further describes the effect, changes and pros and cons of the policy. (Edwards & Perry 2004) This act generally stresses on developing American schools to a standard in which all students are given equal opportunities. As in the act it states "close the achievement gap between high- and low-performing children, especially the achievement gaps between minority and non-minority students, and between disadvantaged children and their more advantaged peers." This clearly reflects that NCLB aims to offer reasonable and equivalent opportunities to the students so that they can attain education of high standards. One of the most important terms of NCLB is the obligation that the states should set values in the field of education and should perform yearly evaluation of schools to check the progress of the school and analyze if the schools have been successful in improving the student's educational achievements. NCLB gives funds for the training of teachers; it provides special support to students who face difficulties with reading and supports immigrants and homeless students. Overa ll NCLB holds the states, districts and the schools to take accountability of the student's achievements. States are entitled to report the progress of students who suffer from problems like reading and writing. They are also directed to report about the students who are from different ethnic groups and who belong to families of low income. Strengths NCLB provides a safe and sound environment to the students. Its aim is to provide the students with all basic needs for studying thus giving them a 'study environment'. It has many provisions which provide a way to improve the whole study structure in U.S.A. The states set an annual report of the students, teachers and schools which is reviewed by the parents. This helps in giving the parents an opportunity to analyze their children strengths and weaknesses. It also gives parents an overview of the school's performance. This helps in getting a better view of the prevailing situation and helps in taking necessary steps in the improvement of the education structure. Each state is responsible for the schools performance in their jurisdiction. The states further report to the NCLB and they act accordingly. (Yall & Drasgow 2005) WEAKNESSES While on the contrary this Act has not proved to be a perfect solution to all the problems. According to Darling-Hammond, "The biggest problem with the NCLB Act is that it mistakes measuring schools for fixing them." This act has made the states to decrease their values and has persuaded some schools to enhance their performance by asking the under performing students to leave. This

SOCIAL WORK MODELS METHODS AND THEORIES INCLUDING SOCIAL WORK Essay

SOCIAL WORK MODELS METHODS AND THEORIES INCLUDING SOCIAL WORK PROCESSES AND THE NATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL STANDARDS - Essay Example The field works towards research and practice to improve the quality of life and to the development of the potential of each individual, group and community of a society. Social workers perform interventions through research, policy, community organizing, direct practice and teaching. The Social Work Processes In this given case study, the past life events of the couple, Dorothy and George eventually push them to such a helplessness. The humiliating response of racial unfairness from the close environment, loss and grief of loved daughter, ending hope of having another child, the failure to meet real challenges of life because of the couple ignorance and weaknesses, the tension of financial limitation and another sudden loss of their strength,Sadie; things become difficult and danger stands active – the couple are not able to cope with the things. The condition of the couple demands care and support from other member of the society, a social service intervention through social work activities is in need indeed. Considering the couple’s overall condition, in order to extend a standard and an organised response to the couple, the following process (Social Work, UNESCO) is to apply Assessment: Establishing what are the problems or issues (with the service user and others); Assessment involves assembling full and accurate information about a service user’s circumstances and how these came about. Essential to assessment is participation by the service user and others involved (e.g. family), and continuous consultation with colleagues and workers in other agencies and services when appropriate.The information collected must be accurately recorded in a systematic way to give a clear understanding of needs and a possible plan of action. Deciding on outcomes:Working out with the service user and others what can be achieved within a given time-span; Social work is a goal-directed activity and what matters to service users is a satisfactory outcome. E vidence-based practice draws on research findings, practice wisdom and past experience to identify what works in a given situation. Service user and worker join together to share their experience and expertise and decide what needs to be changed and what are the priorities within a given time scale. Planning: Deciding with the service user and others what needs to be done, in what order, by whom, by when and how; Planning involves reaching a decision on the course of action which seems most likely to achieve the agreed outcomes. The plan should be recorded, specifying the approaches to social work to be used, the persons responsible for carrying out the work and the anticipated time scale. Note that a plan may involve a decision to do nothing. Intervention: Putting agreed plans into action; Carrying out what has been formulated in the planning process and agreed with the service user and other key people involved, using specific approaches to social work. Intervention usually involv es some minor changes to plans as the situation continues to change and additional Information becomes available. Evaluation: Estimating with the service user and others how far and how well outcomes have been achieved; The process is carried out continuously as the action unfolds and in retrospect after it has been completed. It needs to look at outcomes for a range of people involved, which will differ. Outcomes could be examined in terms of the quality of life

Marketing Luxury Goods to Chinese Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Luxury Goods to Chinese - Case Study Example The prices will also assist in controlling market prices and competition from Chinese firms that have invested in making fakes. Finally, the luxury makers should also invest in strategic Chinese markets where most consumers are located. The places include posh areas and major cities where consumers can easily access the goods. The makers should also analyze markets to have knowledge on the consumer trends. The consumer styles will be used to highlight potential areas where the luxury makers make market entries. The Chinese market was not affected much by the recession; hence leading to an increased economic growth of up to 30% per annum. The increased growth led to an influx of rich Chinese individuals that were the main targets for the luxury items. Additionally, the country also had increased industrial growth causing employment to most Chinese. Most workers invested in fancy items due to influence from other rich societies. The consumers also preferred purchasing goods from outside China because they believed that the products were of high quality (The Economist, 2014). China’s efforts to surpass Japan and the U.S in consumer ratings also contributed to the taste and preference of luxury goods. The Chinese rich class was also not affected much by the recession; hence providing market for the luxury goods unlike in other hit countries such as the U.S. The luxury makers took advantage of the increased economic growth that meant most Chinese could save and purchase luxury goods. They also ensured good product quality than that provided in the Chinese luxury makers. The Chinese also invested in impulse buying whereby their purchasing trends surpassed those of the Japanese. Moreover, the makers observed Chinese consumer styles such as more men customers than in Japanese markets. The Chinese men were ready to purchase more of the luxury goods compared to the Japanese women; hence leading to increased imports. The Chinese

CLO, managing business finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CLO, managing business finance - Essay Example The feeling among many investors is that the development on new regulations to reduce the risk that comes with these forms of loans will reduce the chances of getting into a financial crisis. In 2014, it is evident that investors have ventured into the form of loan due to its higher returns as compared to other forms of loans. In this perspective, we seek to analyse the possible reasons for this trend and how this is likely to impact financial flows in the global arena. Collateralized loan obligation is defined as a form of low interest loan that comprises of a pool of debt backed up by some form of security. To design a CLO, commercial group different loans together and sectionalize them into different parts. Each section of the loan bears a different risk, some having higher risks than others. The rationale is that those who pick higher risk sections have higher returns while those who pick lower risk portions have lower returns. Another point to note is the way that cases of default are handled. When defaulters fail to repay the loan, the investor with high risk loan gets less money than one who has a lower risk section. The principle behind the formation of the CLO is to increase the lending willingness of the investors and to lower the interest costs. The banks accomplish these loans through a tranch structure in which different classes of borrowers dear different risks and acquire different level of returns (Pauley & Kroszner, 2012). This loa n structure operates much similar to the home mortgage loans that existed in the 1980s. At this time, companies that had good credit ratings were allowed to borrow at lower prices while others borrowed from the banks at much higher interest rates. For this reason, CLO gained popularity prior to the financial crisis in 2008. The global financial crisis of 2008 is was the cause for the loss of popularity for the CLOs in the world. A

World Trade - Global Economics in the 21st Century Essay

World Trade - Global Economics in the 21st Century - Essay Example In the United States, trade deficits with China have soared as American products are unable to compete with the less expensive Chinese imports. American agricultural exports of corn, soybeans, and wheat reach markets all around the globe as vegetables from Chile and Mexico fill our supermarket shelves. Trade is everywhere and world trade seems to be a chaotic mix of goods and money, commodities and cash. However, world trade, administered under regional trade agreements and the World Trade Organization, are actually rather well-orchestrated transactions with rules, agreements, quotas, and regional trade organizations. A central component of the agreements on international trade is the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO is the "only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations" (What is the WTO?). The WTO was established in 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The GATT evolved as an international forum for establishing fair trade guidelines, negotiating agreements, and settling trade disputes. The biggest accomplishment of the international forum is that it has "dramatically lowered both tariff and non-tariff barriers around the world, creating freer trade and contributing to postwar world growth" (Democratizing the World Trade Organization). In addition, the WTO has addressed the issues of quotas and subsidies that give nations an unfair advantage on the world market. The 153 members of the WTO have agreed to non-discrimination in regards to tariff levels among the member nations, and have agreed to treat them all equa lly. The WTO is simply an organization that works to liberalize trade and reduces the barriers to international commerce. The vast amount of world trade is conducted under the WTO and is regulated by a set of agreed-upon principles. All members agree to treat all other members equally.

Power Line Communication Essay Example for Free

Power Line Communication Essay The objective any mining company like TATA STEEL is to reduce the amount of energy used in mining through the increase in employee productivity and safety. Mining operations consist of several tasks. The highest efficiency can only be achieved with full coordination among the persons carrying out these tasks and if the locations of vehicles and people are known by those who coordinate the activities. In addition, the large number of risks of explosion has the potential to cause a major accident. Therefore, the establishment of a better communication system for the mine underground is very important and significant to modernize the mine management, increase the labour productivity, and strengthen the security to protect the lives and property of the mines. Present Scenario At present, cable telephone communication, power line communication, sensor communication, telecommunication, leakage communication, and radio communication are the main forms of communication in a mine. Our study shows that, a variety of mobile communication methods have their limitary application under coal mine. Some mines still use hardwired wall-mounted telephones. The disadvantage of this technology is the obvious necessity that the user cannot be mobile. To reach this person, the caller must page the person who must then go to a wall-mounted telephone that may be a long distance away and in the case of an accident the telephone may be inaccessible to the injured person. Another popular technology , Leaky Feeder technology requires a relatively stiff,hard-to-install cable, about 5/8† in diameter, to be installed everywhere where communication is desired. To communicate the user must be in line-of-sight of the cable and not more than thirty or eighty feet away from the cable. According to a survey conducted on how well current systems meet the needs for mining communication, 62 percent of Respondents replied negatively. None of them thought that mining communication needs were being met extremely well. Some of their replies- â€Å"Overall we cannot communicate well with miners.† â€Å"There is the issue of battery, phone and wiring maintenance.† â€Å"Safety in an emergency is still an issue.† As the power lines in an underground mine cover a broad area, if we can make full use of power lines to communicate, then we can completely solve the problem underground communication. The use of power lines saves the cost of additional cable and the labour cost for system installation. Furthermore, power lines are built and installed in a rugged manner. Any underground wire or cable, when fed an RF signal, tends to distribute that signal throughout its length. Carrier current systems utilize this fact to establish communication paths using existing mine wiring. Carrier current devices are basically FM radio transceivers that transmit and receive over existing mine wiring instead of using an antenna system. The LF (low-frequency) and MF (medium frequency)KP ranges propagate best in carrier current systems. A common example of a carrier current system is the trolley carrier phone systems presently used in many mines. Another example is the shaft communication systems that utilize the hoist rope itself to establish communications to and from the cage. The most modern system, based on MF, promises to be the most effective of a l l . But there are lots of complex interference noises in power line communication under mine. More recently, the maturity of wireless as an accepted medium has increased the demand for instant, reliable, portable communication. Underground mines, however, have proved resistant to wireless communication due to environmental conditions that limit the transmission of radio waves. â€Å"Mines are looking to find such a system. It would become universal over time due to safety, a decrease in down time and an increase in productivity.† This system may be further enhanced to A GPS-like (Global Positioning System) for underground mines which would serve an extremely useful function in saving energy in mining operations. Autonomous (i.e. unmanned) machinery has been a long-standing objective of the mining. This would move miners from underground mines to the surface from where they would remotely control mining operations. Extremely important is to note that such a move would allow shutting off the energy-guzzling fans, which would result in large amounts of energy savings. Economics PLC is viewed as especially attractive because of several characteristics. Electricity services in most developing countries have higher reach than telephony. In addition, PLC can provide an elegant solution for in-home access and networking, since the signal can reach virtually any outlet in the home. However, there are several important technical issues in this simple scheme. The signal attenuates as it goes over the line, with higher losses at higher frequencies. Given emission limits that restrict boosting the transmission signal, the only solution is the use of repeaters en-route, increasing the cost. Secondly, the LV transformers act as a low-pass filter, allowing electricity through with low losses but not higher frequencies. This is why most solutions rely on bypassing the distribution transformer. While an opportunity in terms of sharing capital equipment costs across users, shared infrastructures also lead to congestion, multiplexing, interference, and security concerns. To overcome these issues, PLC solutions rely on sophisticated signal processing and encoding. For PLC to be successful, it must not only operate successfully from a technology point of view, but also present a viable business case. The market space consists of not only well-entrenched alternatives like DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and cable, but also alternatives such as Fibre-To-The-Home (FTTH), Fiber-To-The-Curb (FTTC), and broadband wireless. Issues of telecom, regulation and competition play a vital role in deciding the future of PLC. Depending on the number of feeders emanating from the substation, different MV couplers are needed. At every distribution transformer, a concentrator cum transformer bypass is required. This device transfers the signals to the medium-voltage line, bypassing the transformer. In addition, depending on the distances involved, repeaters might be needed to extend the signal. In addition to the one-time costs, which are amortized over specific periods, there are also explicit calculations of monthly operating costs. After thorough estimation from various sources (web and consulting some industry people) the monthly costs of PLC is found to be around US$35 per month per user. Most of the values chosen are plausible, if not optimistic. In some hazardous locations, where specialized personnel are required, installation costs have been estimated at US$200–300. On the other hand, in normal cases, the installation would be somewhat over US$100 per user . The total capital costs per consumer (excluding Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)) average about US$85 , assuming an average of 6 homes passed per LV transformer. One result that is robust across most assumption ranges is that operating expenditures are about 45% of the total costs. The most important variable, under the assumptions is the time period for paying off of the equipment. Given the fast changing nature of the telecom industry, the median value for economic purposes is assumed to be 5 years. In addition, within a region, the competitive pressures might be much lower, allowing for higher market share and greater sharing of equipment, marketing, and maintenance costs amongst subscribers. Given the estimated monthly costs of PLC it is almost clear that there is a gripping business case for PLC in the near term based on price for the end-user. Of course, economics is not the only factor in determining the success of PLC or any other broadband technology. User satisfaction, customer loyalty, branding, and competition (alternatives) are all important factors as well.

Concocting Barium Sulfate Essay Example for Free

Concocting Barium Sulfate Essay Introduction Barium Sulfate is a white substance, liquid or solid, with the chemical formula being BaSO4. Barium sulfate is a radiopaque agent, which is used in order to help x-rays be more visible due to the contrast between the barium sulfate and the x-rayed parts of the body. This substance is dangerous, but due to its poor solubility ingestion will not result in the bodys absorption of the toxicity of it. Some of the dangers of ingesting Barium Sulfate however are: bloating, constipation, cramping, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, stomach/lower abdominal pain, tightness in chest, troubled breathing, or wheezing. Barium Sulfate also reacts violently with Aluminum powders. Prolonged exposure to Barium Sulfate dust can result in baritosis, which is a form of benign pneumoconiosis. Barium Sulfate is insoluble in most substances, except for concentrated sulfuric acid. Research Question An ample research question for this particular lab would be How can one create five grams of Barium Sulfate? This task explores the use of knowledge of different chemicals regarding their solubilities, concentrations and characteristics and the use of this knowledge in order to make a pre-determined five grams of Barium Sulfate. I intended to approach this problem by using my knowledge of chemicals stated above to come up with a simple, practical way of concocting five grams of Barium Sulfate. Hypothesis If Barium Nitrate and Sulfuric Acid are mixed together appropriately, then we will be able to make five grams of Barium Sulfate, along with the other product. This hypothesis is clearly justifiable. If you mix 5.6 grams of Barium Nitrate with 2.1 grams of Sulfuric Acid, through the reaction types we can see that this is double replacement and should form HNO3 + BaSO4, and through some dilution calculations we can see that theoretically five grams of Barium Sulfate should be made. Variables Independent The amounts of Barium Nitrate and Sulfuric acid. These variables are independent because they will change depending on what substances are use to make the Barium Nitrate and of what concentration. Dependent The amounts of Barium Sulfate and Nitric Acid produced. These variables are dependent because they depend on the independent variables, or the Barium Nitrate and Sulfuric Acid. Control The different materials used during the experiment are the materials used and the substances used to make the Barium Nitrate. These are controls because they do not change throughout the experiment. Procedure Materials 2 700mL beakers 50mL graduated cylinder 100mL graduated cylinder Stirring rod Digital Scale Coffee Filters Hot plate Vacuum Flask 12.5 M H2SO4 Ba(NO3)2 Funnel Steps 1. The true first step of this lab was to figure out how to make Barium Sulfate. In our case, we figured we would mix Barium Nitrate and Sulfuric Acid to do the trick. After subsequent calculations, we figured out that we would need 2.1g of Sulfuric Acid and 5.6g of Barium Nitrate. 2. First we placed 5.6 g of Ba(NO3)2 solid powder into the 700mL beaker 3. We then proceeded to make it into a liquid by adding approximately 100mL of water, and to better dissolve these two substances we put the solution onto a hot plate and stirred until it was sufficiently dissolved 4. Then we put 2.1g or 4mL of 12.5M H2SO4 into the 50mL graduated cylinder 5. Then we diluted the 12.5M H2SO4 to 5M by adding in 6mL of water, in order to achieve 10mL of 5M H2SO4 6. We then poured the dissolved water and Ba(NO3)2 along with the 10mL of 5M H2SO4 together in the other 700mL beaker 7. We then observed the reaction and recorded these observations. The solution was HNO3 and BaSO4, with the BaSO4 a white precipitate in the liquid HNO3. 8. To isolate the BaSO4, it needs to be filtered. We weighed the coffee filter with the digital scale, which came out to 0.5g and then placed the filter on the inside of the funnel. 9. Place the funnel over the vacuum flask so that the HNO3 will go through the funnel into the vacuum flask and the remaining substance will isolated BaSO4 after the substance from the 700mL beaker is poured into the funnel very slowly 10. Remove the coffee filter, and throw everything else out. Then let the BaSO4 on the coffee filter dry overnight 11. Then we weighed the coffee filter with the dry BaSO4, which was 4.7g, and then subtracted the weight of the coffee filter to get the true weight of our BaSO4, which was 4.2 grams. Data Raw Data Amounts of Reactants and Amount of BaSO4 Substance Amount (+/- 0.5g) H2SO4 10ml Ba(NO3)2 5.6g in 100mL of water BaSO4 4.2 grams Calculations Amount to Use of Each Substance 5g of BaSO4 x (1mol BaSO4/ 233.43g of BaSO4) 0.02142 mols BaSO4 0.02142 mols BaSO4 x (1mol H2SO4/ 1mol BaSO4) 0.02142 mols H2SO4 0.02142 mols BaSO4 x (1mol Ba(NO3)2/ 1mol BaSO4) 0.02142 mols Ba(NO3)2 0.02142 mols H2SO4 x (98.078g H2SO4/ 1mol H2SO4) 2.101g H2SO4 0.02142 mols Ba(NO3)2 x (261.336g Ba(NO3)2/1mol Ba(NO3)2 5.597g Ba(NO3)2 Dilution o M1 V1=M2V2 (12.5M H2SO4)(Xml H2SO4) = (5M H2SO4)(10mL H2SO4) X = 4mL H2SO4 6mL of water needed for 4mL H2SO4 Percent Yield (4.2g BaSO4/5g BaSO4) x 100 = 84% Percent Error [(4.2g BaSO4 5g BaSO4)/ 5g BaS04] x 100 = 16% Diagrams All of our equipment laid out The vacuum flask pulling the Nitric Acid out of the Barium Sulfate The finished, dried, Barium Sulfate on the coffee filter Weighing the Barium Sulfate on the coffee filter Conclusion Principally, the lab was a success. We were able to come up with a perfectly good method of creating Barium Sulfate. Technically, however the lab was slightly off. Instead of coming up with the ideal five grams of Barium Sulfate, we fell 8/10ths of a gram short, which came out to a sixteen percent error. This inaccuracy suggests that something in our lab went awry. When pumping the nitric acid out of the barium sulfate, we overflowed the filter on the vacuum flask, seeing as how we didnt take into account how thick the substance actually was. This mishap was most likely the largest contributor to our inaccuracy. Also, human error is always a factor. Inevitably, somewhere down the line we took a reading wrong or something of that nature, further skewing our results. This lab brought up a few questions for further investigation. After finishing the lab, the question occurred to me, if we had used an alternate method to make five grams of Barium Sulfate, could we have been more accurate, less accurate, or would our results have remained the same? To make a better lab, there are a couple things that could be done. First would be to take better care to observe the substances we work with much more carefully. By doing this, there is less likely of a chance of having something happen such as overflowing the funnel. Also, one could record observations better. This would make the analysis of the lab much easier, with less guesswork to do.

Selection Of Needs Analysis Approaches

Selection Of Needs Analysis Approaches ESP (English for Specific Purposes) is defined as an approach to language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learners reason for learning (Hutchinson and Waters, 1986). In other words, ESP courses are designed with the intention of meeting learners needs. Moreover, they also indicate that ESP is just one branch of EFL/ESL, the tree of which is nourished from communication and learning. Thus, like other forms of language teaching, ESP courses are designed in order to meet the certain purposes which learners are required to learn English for. They can be academic purposes (EAP) or work/training purposes (EOP/EVP/VESL). In another classification, the purposes of ESP courses can be for Science and Technology, Business and Economics or Social Sciences. As those above-mentioned purposes are quite various, it raises the necessity of Needs Analysis, which is considered as the irreducible minimum of an ESP approach to course design (Hutchinson and Waters , 1986, p54) or a vital step in the process of designing and carrying out any ESP courses (Songhori, 2008) or the very first step of course design process which provides validity and relevancy for all subsequent course design activities (Johns, 1991). With such increasingly importance of Needs Analysis to ESP course designers, this paper is conducted as a practice of carrying out Needs Analysis. However, due to the timing constraint as well as the requirement of the course, the paper just focuses on choosing an appropriate Needs Analysis approach to collecting the information of a specific group of learners needs. The paper also provides a detailed rationale and some samples of the means of data collection in order to support for the selection. NEEDS ANALYSIS THEORIES Since Needs Analysis is performed in order to find out not only the necessity, the lacks and the wants of learners towards the target situations (target needs) but also the learning needs or what learners need to do in order to learn, there exists different approaches to Needs Analysis, namely Target Situation Analysis, Present Situation Analysis, Pedagogic Needs Analysis. Deficiency Analysis, Strategy Analysis or Learning Needs Analysis, Means Analysis, Register Analysis, Discourse Analysis, and Genre Analysis. The term Target Situation Analysis (TSA) was first introduced as communication in the target situation in Chambers article (1980). However, in his book published in 1978, Munby already mentioned the target situation which, according to him, was closely concerned with the target needs and target level of performance and this has been followed by many researchers (Hutchinson and Waters, 1986; Dudley-Evans and St. John, 1998; West, 1994) with inheritance and development. Yet, whatever similarities or differences they share, they all use TSA with the same aim of finding as thoroughly as possible the linguistic form a prospective ESP learner is likely to use in various situations in his target environment. For example, Hutchinson and Waters (1986) considered Target Needs Analysis as in essence a matter of asking questions about the target situation and the attitudes towards that situation of various participants of the learning process (p59) and most of those questions are closely related to Munbys parameters. The second type of Needs Analysis that needs mentioning is PSA or Present Situation Analysis which may be posited as a complementary to target situation analysis (Robinson, 1991). As presented from its term, PSA is used with the attempt to find out the information about learners at the beginning of the course. It may estimate the strength and weaknesses of learners in all aspects, including language, skills as well as learning experiences. It may also involve information about the teaching and learning settings or the user-institutions reference. The information for PSA can come from a well established test or from learners previous learning results. Deficiency analysis or lack analysis is claimed to form the basis of the language syllabus (Jordon, 1997) since it is supposed to provide information about both the present situation and target situation and thus, the gap between them for the course designer to consult. Strategy analysis or learning needs analysis is another important type that the course designer should take into considerations when he/she designing an ESP course. It is concerned with learners view of learning or their learning preferences. It tries to establish how they wish to learn rather than what they need to learn and consequently help course designer to find ways of motivating and enabling learners to reach the goals of the course. Means analysis is considered to provide the course designer with information about the environment in which the course will be run (Dudley-Evans and St. John, 1998, p125) and consequently, the approach attempts to adapt the ESP course to the setting of the learning institution. The last type mentioned in this paper is Pedagogic Needs Analysis proposed by West (1998). It is considered to be a combination of all above-mentioned approaches with the hope to compensate all shortcomings of the above approaches through the combination. However, in some cases, it does not always work. In the history of ESP development, there may exist some other Needs Analysis approaches. However, due to the limit of this paper, only nine above approaches are selected to be briefly described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TARGET LEARNERS As aforesaid, this paper only focuses on finding a suitable Needs Analysis approach for a specific group of learners. More specifically, they are twenty 2nd-year students of Electronics and Telecommunications Department, College of Technology. They have just finished two terms of General English. According to their learning results of the first two terms, they are pre-intermediate English learners. This ESP course is their 3rd and also the last term of learning English at university and it is supposed to be a preparation for them to be ready for their future career of telecommunication engineers. The course is planned to last four months which will be divided into fifteen weeks of learning. In each week, learners are intended to attend seven 45-minute periods which will be allocated in two different mornings. The institution (i.e. College of Technology) assures to provide all needed facilities for the process of learning and teaching. For instance, essential teaching aids like tape/CD players, computers, projectors and a well-equipped library are always available for use. Teachers are also promised to have best conditions of finding appropriate materials as well as creating teaching environments to assist to process of learning and teaching. Above is all provided information about the target group of the English course for Telecommunication which is taught in the third term of the university curriculum. APPROACH SELECTION WITH A DETAILED RATIONALE In order to support the process of designing the most appropriate and effective course for the above-mentioned target group, it is necessary to give an adequate profile of the above-mentioned learners needs by means of a combination of two approaches: (1) target needs analysis and (2) learning needs analysis. The reasons for such selection are discussed as followed: Firstly, as aforesaid, an ESP course is designed to meet some certain needs of learners by bridging the gap between a current state and a desired or target one (Graves, 2000). Thus, it is necessary for the course designer to be aware of the learners states at both point of time. In other words, he/she is suggested to carry out both TSA and PSA. However, in this situation, since the target group of this ESP course is in their 3rd term at university, the course designer is quite sure about the current state of the learners as well as the current state of the institution facility. He/She knows where the learners are and what the learners lack. He/She also know what kinds of facilities are available to support the process of learning and teaching. Consequently, there is no need of carrying out a PSA for learners existing state of language/skills or the conditions of learning but there must be a necessity of TSA which is supposed to gather adequate and specific information about how the l anguage will be used, what the content areas will be, who the learners will use the language with, where and when the language will be used, etc. (Hutchinson and Waters, 1986) or about purposive domain, setting, interaction, instrumentality, dialect, communicative event, communicative key and target level (Munby, 1978). In conclusion, TSA is hoped to be a reliable indicator which can determine the destination of the course. It can also act as a compass to give the direction for the journey of teaching and learning. Nevertheless, TSA only provides the course designer with the information of the target situation. In other words, TSA can just answer the question of what to teach and how to teach. In this case, that is not enough. As this term is a part of a learning process, it is also crucial for the course designer to take into considerations the learners learning preferences. Thus, the employment of another needs analysis (i.e. learning needs analysis/LSA) is a good choice to make the process of course design perfect. Moreover, it is believed that the learning preferences and strategies for GE (general English) may be different from those for ESP. As a result, the course designer needs to know these differences in order to design an appropriate course for most of the learners. All in all, a combination of TSA and LSA is considered inevitable and is expected to offer the ESP course designer a full profile of both target situation and learning preferences for the 3rd-year students of Electronics and Telecommunications Department, College of Technology. SAMPLES OF THE MEANS FOR DATA COLLECTION As decided in the previous part, a combination of TSA and LSA is employed to give a detailed profile of target situation and learning preferences in order to support the design of the English course for Telecommunication. More specifically, both formal and informal means will be used to collect the data for the needs analysis at the beginning and during the course. At the beginning of the course, formal interviews with the managers of some telecommunication foreign companies will be carried out to identify the target situations in which learners will have to use the language. Below is some sample questions that may be included in the interview: Who will your employees speak English to? Native or non-native speakers? What is their level of main interlocutors knowledge? Expert or layman? Where will your employees have to use English? In the office, at the workshop or in the meetings? Can you mention some other situations? Firstly, an informal questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions will be delivered to learners to find out the preferences of learners learning. Below is one sample question that may be included in the questionnaire: What kinds of materials do you want to work with in the course? (Please tick on the box the materials you want to work with) Textbooks provided by teachers Authentic materials (manuals, articles about telecommunication in newspaper, magazines, etc.) provided by teachers Authentic materials (manuals, articles about telecommunication in newspaper, magazines, etc.) searched and selected by learners A mixed use of all kinds Informal interviews with ex-learners (i.e. learners who already took the English course of Telecommunication) will be also utilized to specify the information of what they think should be included in the course as well as the way they think the best way to learn the target language. Below is a potential question that may be included in the interview In your point of view, which is the most important language skill that learners of this ESP course should improve? Reading? Speaking? Writing? Or listening? Why do you think so? During the course, another informal questionnaire will be delivered to learners of the course in order to check whether the course goes right or not.

Kate Chopins The Storm :: essays research papers

A Storm Within the Storm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two storms in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm.† The first happens as Bobinot (Calixta’s husband) and Bibi (Calixta’s son) are at Freidheimer’s store. Unable to walk home in such a downpour, they remain there waiting for the storm to pass. Meanwhile, â€Å"Calixta, at home, felt no uneasiness for their safety† (108). Preparing for the storm, Calixta goes to gather the clothes on the line outside. â€Å"As she stepped outside, Alcee Laballiere rode in at the gate. She had not seen him very often since her marriage, and never alone† (108). As they both took refuge in the house from the storm outside, the second storm begins to brew.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Calixta, scared from the storm, finds herself in Alcee’s arms. â€Å"Do you remember-in Assumption, Calixta? he asked...Oh! she remembered; for in Assumption he had kissed her and kissed her and kissed her† (109). As both storms begin to peak, they retreat to her bedroom. â€Å"They did not heed the crashing torrents, and the roar of the elements made her laugh as she lay in his arms. Her firm, elastic flesh that was knowing for the first time its birthright, was like a creamy lily† (110).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This second storm seems to pass with the first. â€Å"The rain is over...Calixta, on the gallery, watched Alcee ride away. He turned and smiled; and she lifted her pretty chin in the air and laughed aloud† (110). As Bobinot and Bibi return, they enter in the backdoor expecting the wrath of Calixta for being muddy. To their surprise, she is rather carefree and seems only interested in their safe return. Bobinot pulls out from his pocket, shrimp he had purchased earlier, and they prepare to feast that night. The feast was full of laughter and relaxation. In the meantime, Alcee writes his wife, Clarisse, in Beloxi. â€Å"It was a loving letter, full of tender solitude† (111).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How does everything just go back to normal without difficulty of any kind?

The Benefits of Superchargers and Turbochargers: Types of Forced Induct

The Advantages of Superchargers and Turbochargers: Types of Forced Induction The light turns red and you slowly come to a stop driving your 1992 GMC Syclone equipped with a 280 horsepower 4.3 liter V-6 teamed up with a four speed automatic transmission. The GMC Syclone is basically a sporty run-off of GMC's Sonoma. In the next lane, a brand spanking new Ford Mustang equipped with a 320 horsepower 4.6 liter V-8 pulls up. You seem to be feeling pretty spunky today, so you rev your engine signaling to the driver of the Mustang that you want to race. The other driver looks over, gives a glance at your GMC Syclone and begins to laugh. However, he goes ahead and revs his engine giving the go-ahead for a race. The light turns green and your foot sinks on the accelerator pedal. You hear the squeal of tires, but you know it's not from your truck because the Syclone is all wheel drive. The Mustang's 17 inch tires are spinning on dry pavement and struggling to regain their grip. After about half a second has gone by, your neck and neck with the Mustang. By this time the turbocharger in your truck has "spooled up" and is now compressing air into the intake manifold. Suddenly, your pushed back into your seat as the turbo goes to work. All the motion of the vehicle is forward and there is no "peeling out" from your truck because all of the power is being transmitted to all four of your 16 inch wheels. After two seconds, your ahead of the Mustang and just keep widening the gap on him. After 4.9 seconds your traveling at 60 mph. The Mustang will soon reach your velocity after another half a second. At this velocity you know that you're the clear victor, so you let off of the accelerator pedal and let the Mustang catch up. When the Must... .... 1996: 3. Gromer, Cliff, and Scott, Randy. "Hot n' Cool." Popular Mechanics. Dec. 1998: 34. "The History of Turbochargers." About. 29 Mar. 2002. 28 Mar. 2002 ? <http://vintagecars.about.com/library/weekly/aa011500a.htm?iam=sawy&terms=%2Bturbocharger>. Kreisler, Ken. "Whirling Dervish." About. 29 Mar. 2002. 28 Mar. 2002 ? <http://powerandmotoryacht.about.com/library/weekly/february02/aa020402a.htm?terms=turbocharg ers>. Mitchell International, Inc. Mitchell Automechanics 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991: 208-211. Peters, Eric. "Turbos and Superchargers." Consumers' Research Magazine. Sept. 1996: 33. Tobaldt, William K., and Larry Johnson, eds. Motor Service's. Illinois: The Goodheart- Willcox Co., Inc., 1968: 259-263. "Turbocharger Overview." Inter.net. 12 Apr. 2002. <http://home.istar.ca/~dvandit/TurbochargerOverview.htm>

A Tyrants Cruelty in Pakistan :: essays research papers

"I declare emergency" The screen of the TV blurred and then, it went pitch-black, shut down to the millions of stunned expressions across Pakistan, their ears echoing its final call. It was time. He had done this before, but now, he'd simply crossed the line. The Constitution pronounced its final vows, justice was heartlessly cremated, lives bid farewell with a lonely tear, and not even the ashes of liberty were able to be whiffed in the monoxodized morning sky. Pakistan and its civilians had plunged into deepest mourning as an onyx blanket leisurely wove its tendrils over the nation, plaguing it, depriving the once-united country of its birthright. Was this an epidemic like the Bubonic Plague, a warfare like the WWII, a revolution like its own, a natural disaster like a massive earthquake, or perhaps mass destruction under the hands of "terrorists." Staggered as you may be, the ultimate choice is the closest possible answer. Under its hands, we have suffered so much?it murders without regret, it knows no bounds of means to quenching its thirst for power, it throws ministers, judges, and the poorest alike into the relentless walls of prison. It says that emergency occurred to PROTECT Pakistan, since it was supposedly under threat of disunity. Emergency is replaced by a more appropriate term for the events happening there now, MARTIAL LAW, as it purely and apparently is. It has given a new face to Hitler, releasing bombs in the houses of God, little children and huffaz perishing without mercy, it has created destruction and chaos amidst a cloud of weeping citizens, straining his teacup of those who timidly agree with him and callously disposing of the remnants. It is known by titles of both President and General. It is quoted to have said: "We don't want anyone in agitation mode, and I will tell Negroponte and the US that Pakistan comes first, and there are certain realities on the ground -- extremism and terrorism -- that made me decide to go with emergency law." It took over in a 1999 coup, swearing oath in the name of integrity, constitutional law, and endless loyalty. And here we are, nearly a decade past, and where have those promising words been concealed during that lingering epoch? Those who have the courage to fight in the name of independence are flung into the dim enclosed chambers of jail, comparable to rubbish on the streets, though they are persistent and determined to overcome this deadly poison.

Literature and Cinema Essay

Life is a Theme of Literature, Literature is the expression of Life. Life fashions Literature and Literature moulds Life. The intimate relation between Literature and Cinema is one of the common place truths which have been illustrated again and again, both Social and literary life history. Literature is the most fascinating creation of a literary artist based on the style and stategy of life. Life and reality are the basics of Literature. It’s a product of creation of a literary artist, accompanied with his theoretical and practical knowledge, intellect, thoughts and imagination, where an artist creates his own animated world with realistic events and incidents. As through the words of Mathew Arnold â€Å" Literature is the best record that is thought and Known in the world†, in the words of Satyajit â€Å"Literature was another avenue for the expression of his creative talents†. Cinema, an art of showing life of human beings and the respective happenings in life, which literature glorifies, not only the actual occurances but also reflects in an idealized form, the standards of social thought and morality. Cinema/Movies, the most remarkable, illuminating & fascinating discovery of Science and Technology, where the credit goes to the American scientist ‘Thomas Alva Edison’. The tone of literature changes with the stages of society, life style and the respective incidents, which portrayted & given a clear view by means of perfect moulding in mode of Films. These film/Vedio tapes are chosen out of the American experimental tradition to exemplify the various techniques of marrying the two arts â€Å"Literature & Cinema†. Every natural incident before the poet, around him, in world is the only source of utterance, arouses out his inspiration & his creative energy that rests upon the core of reality. This what further transformed into poems, speeches, songs and novels respectively. The poet presents his skillfulness, an admirable creation of his imagination and fancy in the mind of the readers, but in Later Middle Ages with the growth and development of drama led the people to exemplify another form of art, their intense fascination on gestures and acting, Various forms of drama were performed based on different scripts gives a clear evidence from the popularity of â€Å"Miracle† and â€Å"Morality† plays and â€Å"Interludes† before the advent of Elizabeathan drama and playwrights. The dramatic performances were based on antiphonal singing, dialogues were written and the possibilities were in Roman Catholic Church, with the advent of Elizabeathan drama, various plays of Shakespeare, Marlowe, Dickens and others followed, enriching the English literature. Considering the nature of work of literature can be comprehended by means of two stages, the art of reading and the art of showing, in which the later transforms poetry, novels, short stories into Cinema. The major distinction between them lies as poetry belonging to the art of utterance, while cinema/movies the art of showing, but on the whole they both don’t make easily a good couple. These films and the vedio makers have taken up the challenge anyway to make a way of responding the poet’s work, creating original cinematic writing, gradually leading to the magical, amusing world of entertainment and the fantasy in films. Cinema, A proportionate to the style of language as when a novel, short story transformed into a film, the first note worthy part comes the script. The script writer may or may not mould down the language of the novel in order to make an easy communication and understanding to the audience, mainly applicable in commercial films. In case of commercial films the novel or short story may be taken as a script but it may be modified according to the flavour of audience. The director Overrules the whole cinematographic sequence and drives away his workshop, tackling all barriers, creating a view of life and reality, giving a colourful portraiture of a dream world mingling with comic and tragic sequences with distinct and dancing, stepping on toes, wooing each other with charms of mouth, eye and mind. Finally ending with an admirable climax. Thus listening and reading a poet’s work is equally proportional to viewing and listening film maker’s work. Infact, Movies/Films are a director’s medium, as they reflect director’s own vision and his thoughts, but a fact acts as a contradiction and though debateable, how can a cinema be its truly literaray genius ? As when a great work of literature is adopted and placed on the screen by a director, whether it will be true or equal to the writer’s vision, as while transforming it into a celluloid. With the inception of Cinema, Literature has attracted all the creative film makers, pioneers in the world of cinema such as Pramathesh Barua, Debaki Basu have based their films on the eminent works of Sarat Chatterjee, Tarashankar Bandhopadhyay and others. Satyajit Ray’s â€Å"Pather Panchali† was the first which brought International Acclaim, was wholly based on the great work of literature of Bibhuti Bhusan Bandhopadhayay, Other than his Imaginative Creation Of Feluda, a Private Investigator, His nephew and literary artist Jatayu, together making â€Å"The Three Musketeers†, roaming different places, solving cases purely based on intellect also placed on the screen- â€Å"Sonar Kella†[The Golden Fortress], Joy Baba Felunath [Mystery of the Elephant God] and many more. His Creation Of Professor Shonku a Scientific, mystery thriller and Tarini Khuro, an adventurous, mystery sequence bring us to his imagination, art and literacy. Film Meastro Tapan Sinha in his film â€Å"Kabuliwallah†, which is wholly based on Tagore’s story, have also struck the writer’s vision. Eminent film makers as Mrinal Sen, Kumar Shahani and Adoor Gopala Krishnan were criticized ruthlessly when their literary works are adopted but distinguished from the original work. Mrinal Sen’s Oriya film â€Å"Matira Manusya† in 1965, the first Oriya film with an extraordinary literacy but had to face criticism due to the differentiation of literacy work with the film. Godrad and Mrinal Sen always based their films on the recreation of literacy classics. In this case the ideas and statements of the film makers get dwarfed in order to be true to the literary classics. Now lifting the veil of literary classics, there are many other eminent countless good Indian films were made simply by translating the works of Sarat Chatterjee, R. K Narayan, Banophool, Premchand, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhayay, Manik Bondhopadhayay and many more. It is indeed a credit of the director, translating these fabulous works into films by enhancing the appeal of the novel, doing a perfect justice to the writer’s work, possibly contributing a commercial support. Apart from this there are also enough contribution of the film makers of abroad. Films/Movies based on Shakesperean Comedy drama â€Å"Romeo and Juliet, â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream†, â€Å"Twelfth Night†, â€Å"The Merchant Of Venice† etc. Even Shakespeare’s tragedies are transformed in Movies- ‘Macbeth’, ‘Hamlet’, ‘Othello’, ‘King Lear’ ‘Tempest’ etc. Marlowe’s ‘Edward II’, Jane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’, Milton’s ‘Paradise Lost’, Charles Dicken’s ‘Great Expectations’ and many more have been moulded and given a new look, quite popular to our present generation. Penny Gay interested in film ‘adaptation’ of classics, particularly of Shakespeare and Jane Austen: she is enthusiastic about free, imaginative, and wide-ranging rather than literalist attempts to translate these works to the screen. She has supervised several Honours dissertations in this field, and has taught a unit of study called ‘Shakespeare in the City’ which is entirely based on film versions. A close analysis on the films of Premchandra and Saratchandra, we find the characters and the situations are created in such a way, it seems it appears from modern day. Mordern world are in the urge of horror, mystery,thriller Stories, suspence thriller, brutal murders, death sequences centering round a single cause – may b a human being, living dead or alive, beasts and insects, by any cause of scientific or natural disaster, take a major role in the world of Cinema. Commertialy they usually do a huge amount of business. â€Å"Species 1& 2† shows how natural concequences takes a major part in creation of a new species, a living organism with in human beings. â€Å"Spiders and its Offsprings† â€Å"Arachnophobia†, Eight legged Freaks† gives a proper evidence of how a simple carelessness can turn into a terror of death, an unstoppable end. Similarly in movie â€Å"Final Destination†It is seen a different style of terror resulting death and its consequent horrors, with a superb touch of realism, blood hell and unyielding spirit of revenge paralysed the audience with terror. Mrinal Sen said â€Å"Cinema is never overawed by Literature† as he never based his films on any literary piece of work nor he translated any literary work into films, but he never moved away from literature. The Joyous elements of literature always attracted his vision. A small synopsis of the work or novel is enough for him to produce a film, as he belived â€Å"Cinema is a joint form of art, as a new form of art, borrows ideas from the old, creating a new way out from its curves and leads the path of progress as a medium. † Kevin Bacon Says â€Å"A good director creates an environment, which gives the actor the encouragement to fly†, Hector Babenko said â€Å"Curiosity doesn’t matter any more. These days people don’t want to be transported to emotional territories where they don’t know how to react. † -Robert Bresson said â€Å"My movie is born first in my head, dies on paper; is resuscitated by the living persons and real objects I use, which are killed on film but, placed in a certain order and projected on to a screen, come to life again like flowers in water. † The Script for making a movie always comes from literature, Pratical incidents, Realism, Beauty, Nature, Romance, comedy, Tragedy, Soliloque are the common facts of both literature and cinema. Cinema is Solely indebeted to literature, either partially or completely. Though the world of literature never ends, each moment of life, makes a literary artist discover new ideas and thoughts, a debateable question, indeed both literature and cinema are interconnected to each other, Literature can turn into a Cinematic view/cinema, but a cinema can never turn into literature. To a Literary genious, Literature is a view of life, a mode of survival, thinking, communicating, expressing his thoughts, but to a Director, film the only mode of communication. A question arises whether cinema should be a true literary genius, it depends on the director as he should be given complete freedom of cinematizing the literary classics in his own view. Cinematising, creating a celluloid of the great classics of literature reflects the vision of the writer and the ideas of the director simultaneously, Still remains unquestionable Literature is bound to cinema or Cinema is bound to literature ?.

Disabled by Wilfred Owen Essay

When you hear final stage you think of pain and agony. The verse disenable by Wilfred Owen exhibitions that he afflictions round major decisions he do in his very short life a lot(prenominal) as sacking to contend. Throughout the song he states how much he regret discharge to war. He used rafts of terms to describe his pain and suffering in the war and also by and by coming home from the war. How he is against whole wars. He informs young men on how the war re tot eachyy is.Another ancestor I looked at was the flick Gallipoli. The protagonist was so eager to go to war. He was so excited thinking it was going to be caper and above all he was out into the light knight category. He was constantly saying that he wanted to get home and division his experiences with his family, barely little did he cheat that is was the last time he was going to see them. Good afterwardnoon brother students and Ms Dadd/Fegatilli. We invite all been examine war stories for a wee k or two.The 2 forms of writing we have been poring over are Disabled by Wilfred Owen and any(prenominal) of us have been studying the movie Gallipoli. The protagonist in Disabled speaks to the highest degree how he misses all of the wonderful memories that he had only last year, before he lied his way to go to war underage to show off, only to fall behind limbs and become an old man who is only or so 19 and has aged as though until he looks and feels elderly. He has lived in an institute for most of his life after he came back from the war.This teaches us that you must cherish what you have and not to show of how good you can be. You never sock when you suddenly lose important things to you because of the decisions you have made before. Wilfred Owen uses repetition throughout the poem to try and bring these messages of regret across, much(prenominal) as Now he provide never feel again and Now, he is old his back bequeath never brace to emphasis what he will never have aga in and how much he has lost. Wilfred Owen sets the mood to match the estimation.The theme of this poem is a look at what has become of a man who made wrong choices in life and so to later regret it. In Disabled, he has used emotive language and all-powerful words to emphasize the theme. The second seed I looked at was the movies Gallipoli. The protagonist is so keen of the idea to go to war, that he doesnt think of how it will necessitate others and how it will affect himself. So he signs the form which proudly states his is over 21. The choose Gallipoli shows that men back in those old age didnt take it seriously.They impression it was all fun and games right until they were in the trenches about to shoot people or maybe even go over when they were commanded to. So as you can see, not legion(predicate) people made it out alive. They thought it was going to be all fun and games but they were very mistaken. So throughout this speech I have mentioned the set up that both pro tagonists have to deal with. expiry brings pain and suffering but in this case it was the war. Thank you for listening to my speech.

Modern Day Hero Essay

H. English 12 February 27, 2013 Hines harbor as a Modern Hero There ar real few people in the world straight off we thunder mug consider milling machineryes. These people are roughly al panaches brave, h championst, compassionate, and smart. These qualities can all in all be piece in Hines Ward. The things that make him a modern hero are his awaystanding football game career, trueness to kindliness, and attention for equality. Hines Ward would nurture neer been able to fall upon any of his goals or aspirations without his football career. It is the vessel that carried him previous in life, and it is what put him on top.Ward started out at a small high school in Atlanta, and then he went to The University of Georgia where he was d softwooded to the superior football team, the Pittsburgh Steelers. Ward was good one of the shell receivers to take in the NFL by far. In an denomination written about one of Wards hits where he skint Keith Rivers jaw, Larry Brown says Lesson be learned always go hard and stay on your toes when youre occupying the tell(prenominal) space as Hines Ward. new(prenominal)wise youre passing game to wind up hurt. (Brown).Just the idea that otherwise pseudos would have to pay attention to a singular bleeder shows his dexterity. Even if Wards big hits werent enough, he is likewise one of eight people in NFL muniment to achieve a landmark 1,000 receptions. Hines is also the sulfur player to have 1,000 receptions while also having quintuple Super Bowl wins. Ward has been in bigeminal Super Bowls. In Super Bowl XL, he was recognized as the games MVP. Ward caught five passes for 123 yards, and had a touchdown. Even though he won this, he was still as discredit as ever.Ward dropped a pass, and in an interview his checkmate and quarterback Ben Roethlisberger said Hines was going to kill himself because he dropped a touchdown pass. But you know what? He came out and made plays when he had to and thats what he doe s. (Super Bowl XL MVP). Ward is and forever will be one of the best players to play the game. There will never be many players who can match his bulk and ability. Although Ward ended up in a non so obscure place, he started actually close to the bottom. He was born in Seoul, to the south Korea to his African American father nd his Korean bring. They moved to Atlanta, and his father left their family. Ward worked his way up from the bottom and had to accost with many obstacles on the way. Ward is very dedicated to servinging other people overcome the same obstacles he himself overcame. In South Korea, Ward had to deal with discrimination payable to being a mixed race child. later Ward became a professional football player, he was compelled to start a charity that would help deal with the issue of mixed-race discrimination in Korea and everywhere else.Ward called his charity The Hines Ward Helping Hands Foundation. Ward not only donates money, further much of his time to h is foundation. In an interview about his charity Ward said When I went to Korea and saw, firsthand, the biracial children, I could easily tell apart with them and they embraced me, like a hero. I do not want to let them down. I want to upgrade them by providing them with resources and programs that will enhance their lives and chances for success in life. (Interview with Eric Kuhn). Ward clearly wants to do his best to help these kids.He shows perseverance and helps to provide these underprivileged children with hope for their future. Other traits that make a modern hero are humility and a positive pose. Ward is a player that demonstrates both. He is one of the hardest hitting players in the NFL, and one of the most humble. Ward says that Its like my mother still tells me, Always be humble, and never swallow up where you came from. My story is kind of a perfect story, of how I was able to overcome all that. Maybe close to other kids can use that as motivation. (Hines Ward).Wa rd knows how easy he is to have all the opportunities he was granted, and he doesnt take these opportunities lightly. Ward also has a very positive attitude. Many players recall afterward hitting him, or being hit by him that he always had a grimace on his face. In a play against the Seahawks, Ward caught a pass and ran into the endzone for a touchdown. It wasnt the play that was extraordinary, but it was how Ward made the play. He ran the ball in the whole way, smiling. The NFL even took the picture taken of him making the play and made it into one of their go to advertising pictures for the next division.The NFL put it on a raft of official publications the next year it was that iconic, that unusual. The NFL put it on a raft of official publications the next year it was that iconic, that unusual. (Collier). This one picture shows off Wards entire football career. Ward is just a regular guy, contend the game he loved every day, and doing it all with a smile on his face. He i s an ingestion and a role model for all young people to look up to. Ward is easily one of the best people to ever play football, both on and off the field.His positive attitude mixed with his humble upbringing and overall ability is what makes him a modern day hero. Ward retired from the NFL with an unparalled dedication to his team. Hines Ward believes he can still play football. The longtime Pittsburgh wide receiver known for his high-wattage smile and his bone-crunching blocks just couldnt stomach the thought of doing it in most contrasted uniform on some strange field with nary a Terrible pass over in sight. (Hensley). Ward retired with dignity as an all-time best Steelers receiver, and he is a person that everyone can find some inspiration in.

Imaginary Life-Themes

Maloufs leg ratiocination is ane of deep philosophical writings. The kickoff study base of operations in an roottional flavour is gentles family with the inherent truthful(a)ness. This understructure is a key boldness of the sassy as it lay downs the lecturer how Ovid and the Childs kinship with reputation changes their outlooks on life. The walk-to(prenominal) Ovid becomes with constitution the closer he is to achieving interior field pansy. The a resembling(p) interior(a) peace achieved at the end of the impertinent when Ovid surrenders himself and becomes maven with the ground. This is seen by dint of and by with(predicate) the incident that Ovid becomes endlessly blissful at universe the other(prenominal), set out and the prox It is summer. It is spring. I am immeasurably, unbearably happy. I am 3 age old. I am sixty. I am six.This motive is in like manner seen in how inherent the fry is from the indwelling ground and in occurr ence likewise is the inwrought humanity. This is shown in the segmentation of the refreshing when Ovid is belief the electric razor how to communicate his address. During this m the fry withal attempts to get wind Ovid his linguistic process. Ovid alines this as embarrassing as the fry finds study Ovids run-in. Ovid believes that by him cunning that it is the hawk, that the stars tolerate name c exclusivelying and a tale prevents him world the sky. This is imputable to the circumstance that Ovids descent with the native world is not up to at a time inviolate like the kids is.We argon shown how pivotal the electric razors kind with the vivid world is through the event that the child becomes open and flimsy when interpreted into the firmness of purpose in Tomis some(prenominal) his privy was I create interpreted it from him. He is as vulnerable now as any iodin of us. He shows himself human at support. notwithstanding having no converse end -to-end the overbold, the subprogram of wrangle is save a underlying content of the legend.The descent mingled with actors line and sensing is highlighted through Ovids personalised descriptions as he believes hotshot tricknot billet concepts in the corresponding focus with diametrical language knowledge.He uses the modeling of colours to show this on scalawag 25 red-faced. phantasy pronounce on the applauder to sleazy again on the eye. Scarlet. This forces Ovids bewilderment at the tint elicited from the words.This is too visualised through Ovids various perspectives that he describes betwixt the connotations allocated with the abilities of the antithetical languages that he let outs.His dim language with the child shows how language can alter sensation to push more nearly to others and learn from them. other theme in this novel that helps to describe who the child is is the plenty of the individual. passim the novel Malouf emphasizes tha t one unendingly has an idea of their dower.This is illustrated by Ovids realization that his circumstances is lost with the child. several(prenominal) measure Ovids ideates do in circumstance undo themselves in the real world. An manakin is how he dreams of sleuthing the male child and and then by and by persuades Ryzak the straits to intrigue him. other represent where this hypothesis takes feat is in Ovids dream of expiration change of location past all boundaries of this world. He subsequent achieves this feet when he is taken crosswise the river Ister by the child. On summon 151 Ovid describes the river Ister as his destiny awaiting It remained, fault its tides, freezing distributively season, snatch up, flux again, utter to me I am the border beyond which you moldiness go if you ar to find your real life, your true remnant at last.

Advertising AIDA Model

AIDA sit around forethought A = PAN-TASTIC show on b all in all(a)s loosen pizza pie pie pie pie pie pie pie pie aro do I = modify Online 1 =RM 22 = live(a) Online 2 = RM 29 = unrecorded mark pole 1 = RM 19 = fiery contain 2 = RM 26. 90 = lead RM 3 to climbing to compulsives travel pizza en rely D = The check of tooth rough pizza attain A = pizza army hovel ONLINE ORDERING- www. pizza hut. com. my- = halal logo = reas whizzd until 15 declination 2011 adman In Wichita, br an former(a)wise(prenominal)s impolite and Dan Carney subject the fore around pizza pie hutch eating ho recitation on June 15, 1958. They had been go ab give awayed by the possessor of a dispirited edifice who cherished a skilful topical anaestheticity tune, and had memorialise the Posts name close to pizza.The Carneys borrowed $600 from their m new(prenominal), locate toilette B intercepter, an aviator from McConnell post line bastardly who had deceaseed as a pizza cook, getd many put-upon equipment and were prep ar for argumentation. The blue gear night, they gave off pizza to scattericipation say-so clients. legion(predicate) muckle submit how pizza pie sea chantey got its name. When the Carneys were riding horse up that prototypal eating ho employment, the twist has a call take inion with get on for headspring(p) golf-club characters. They treasured to map pizza in the name, which unexpended get on for a say with l unrivalled(prenominal) collar characters. A family penis suggested the uilding looked analogous a hut. and pizza army hut was born. 1959 pizza hut is amalgamate and the eldest liberty in all opens in Topeka, Kansas. 1965 Putt-Putt to pizza pie chantey melodic jingle is authoritative for pizza pie shantys show snip idiot box commercial. 1967 A pizza pie hutch restaurant was strengthened in v coherent while by franchisees at the okay let forth Fair. Worlds largest pizza (six feet in diameter) is baked and served at the swaggering open of the garri parole Worth, Texas pizza pie field hut. 1968 inter subject argona commercialize entered with the graduation exercise step of the commencement ceremony pizza pie hut in Surrey, B. C. , Canada. pizza pie hut serves a champion and be boldnesss(a) gazillion meg billion muckle a calendar week at its 310 locations. 1977 superin disco biscuitdent Supreme is slip ind. pizza pie hut opens its 3,000th fond unit in Arlington, Texas. 1980 genus pan pizza is introduced end-to-end the system. 1983 in- individual Pan pizza, with a five-minute undertake, is introduced. pizza pie army hut serves whizz and a half(prenominal) million pounds of alimentary early(prenominal)e annually. pizza pie hutch employs 10,000 teen daysrs from 16 to 19 geezerhood of age. 1984 down(a) got IT study study inducing syllabus is launched with 200,00 dewy-eyed students enrolled. 1988 fall in Tossed conventional pizza pie is introduced.pizza sea chantey celebrates its thirtieth anniversary with a get of a great deal than 6,000 restaurants and slant units worldwide. 1990 pizza hovel delivers to a great extent than 1,349,000 pizzas on Superbowl Sunday, somewhat 7,000 pies per minute. 1995 pizza field hut launches the Youll consent sex The freeze Were do Of compact. buffalo travel heave onto the menu. pizza shop Stuffed revision surface pizza is introduced which straightaway declines attach to gross gross revenue records. 1998 Surrey show pizza chanty celebrates its thirtieth grade of business announce assurance pizza shack transfer digital, mixer Media to MartinE-commerce lineage Goes to grand Yum Brands pizza hutch has pass digital merc give-up the ghostising and social media to its authorize mental representation, Inter general crowd of Cos. Martin Agency. sib mental representation ample has been tapped to carry off pizza chanteys e-commerce business. twain(prenominal) involves lapsered with divulge a review. Digital merchandising was previously handled by Dallas- ground indie elbow room IMC. The move to hand digital securities industry and social media to Martin was make to tending richly integrate our digital and ad initiatives, concord to a pizza pie army hut spokesman. broad, mean plot of land, allow be amen fitting-bodied for the pizza chains online ordinance sack upsite as head as ground boilersuit e-commerce system. IMCs cheat on mental strain for pizza shanty were the tardily released iPad and mechanical man apps, as tumefy as an updated iPhone app. pizza sea chantey in 2009 launched the pizza kinsper tidingss world-class iPhone app, which has since been downloaded near 3 million generation. The pizza pie sea chantey spokesman verbalize that Huge testament obviously meliorate the online decree broadcast, sooner than vamp up it. pizza shant y in juvenile years has foregoingitized online tell, as wealthy person rivals step to the foreular address system Johns and Dominos, make for a heated die hard to digital dominance.All ternion manacles in the past befuddle verbalise that they bank to do nigh half of their business online. In April 2010 pizza pie hovel had unc everyplace a ingenuousr online rewriteing plat cast of characters customers open fire presently suppose a pizza in both clicks construct by IMC and Quick put together, Chicago. soda pop Johns was the first of the ternion self-aggrandising chains to cite online rules of leverage order, though pizza pie sea chantey built indus turn out-first ordering plat kneads for non and the iPhone further analogously Facebook, and Dominos do waves with its pizza Tracker. pizza pie field hut headman marketer Kurt Kane final yearpinned a gross revenue turnaround on $10 pizzas and ii-click ordering.Indeed, its 2010 U. S. same-stor e gross gross gross gross revenue were up surface-nigh 8%, although that issue was tough by the chains first-quarter 2011 gelt U. S. same-store gross gross sales were down 3%. pizza hutch in 2010 exhausted $217. 4 million on calculated media spending, up 9. 7% from the prior year, harmonize to Kantar. MEDIA The trade inter note theory pleat To go everyplace that our centre manages to kitchen stove as much of the behind hearing as contingent we direct elect to use the sp atomic number 18-time exercise confabulation approach. This approach uses a gang of denote exploitation dickens media grades, the net profit and video recording.In unison with the raiseising, sales forwardings and universe dealings furnish be carried out to hope to the rise guarantee the succeeder of the runnel. tv The universe of discourse of tv set set provided a pertly feel for general reclaimable domainise. When think reboots the normal assesses what the affect conveys and how it conveys this lead. This showcases the macrocosm to prise faces much(prenominal)(prenominal) as presentation, seminal draw as halespring up as of course the message. so cod to match that this mighty audio- ocular joyride green goddess put on on the audition, it is dogmatic that much love is given to the low that is acquainted. unmatchable study win of telly bear onizement is that it has a real tall instruct check of penetration. Statistics piddle shown that in the get together land on bonnie the mankind watches telecasting for 28 hours per person per week (Nationmaster, 2009). This whence provides a remunerative initiative for legion(predicate) corporations. collec circuit board to the audio-visual possibilities that idiot box announce provides it gives the conjure upisers an luck to put on the inventive cap major power and broad(a)y portray the message coveted which so armed armed serv ices the scrape to succeed its aspired goals.For the video semi human beingsizing, a grunge such as pizza pie army hut should produce keys that atomic number 18 creative and entertain only when identicalwise run intos that the bone marrow message is intelligibly communicated. The evoke essential be charitable to accompaniment the fear of the consultation to hopefully point in time of accumulation the nub that adjoin hitch and distractions miteethorn deplete. thither is a magnetic dip of some consumers to without delay impinging the liableness of a instigator with the probableness of the middling, and telecasting manizing is comprehendd as a exceedingly credible author to around interviews. and then the believ king of the pizza pie chanty commove has senior gamey misfortunes of cosmos raise if it blighterd with TV mentions. The television openizingize for the rude(a) get on acquires to be positively winsome on th e locked up and psychological grounds. Our primary aim is to enforce the pull back strategy to chance upon a sop up for this pertly crossroad category via the chew media. The pose auditory sense for the pizza hut draw is the severeness conscious(p) segment, precisely well upness thought is reflected in vary sunglasses for unlike individuals, and this context is expressed in the television bear onisement.The advertisement shows an fair British family consisting of a mother, a aim and two teenagers a son and a daughter. They argon discussing what to set close to for dinner at the eat table. One election that is discussed is pizza, and it shows the quad several(predicate) positionings of having pizza for dinner. The mothers bandstand is that pizza wouldnt be suited as it is ulcerated and lacks veracious nutrients for the family, while the daughters place is that she would arouse motivational conflicts collectible to the uplifted kilocal an estheticorie add up and the nourishment she as been carrying out, the son similarly whitethorn chip in a similar dam senescence outlook ascribable an grand work-out order of business that he has been holding to and doesnt extremity to split and that sustain whitethorn be demented well-nigh ancestry force and cholesterol that be special K with his age and at that placeof the consensus is not to order a pizza even though everyone would k flat the experience. A pizza give appears as if by magic on their table and transcend itself up with all the rock-loving ingredients like vegetables/ broiled hunt down whit marrow squash/low alter quit etc, which adds to the wellness quotient of a pizza.The advert now describes the sodding(a) raw(a) regorge of sizable pizza pies from pizza pie shanty. This advertisement aims to ingathering to its references finished an ruttish stance. discretion a mothers staple fibre consciousness to fix the family k eeps wellnessy, judgement some(prenominal) teenagers insecurities as well as instinct the worries to the highest degree(predicate)(predicate) health for the mass of the aging population. The psychological perspective of this advert would be that people atomic number 18 enjoying a pizza without experiencing cognitive dissonance.The advert would select a absolute visual attract to haoma the sense that it would be palatable and full of flavour, this would be carried out with visually addressing colors of the top-hole as well as the skirt punctuate of the advert. The catchword utilize for this advert is pizzas bonnie Got Healthier. This is a clear, hearty catchword and it alike communicates the tenderness appraisal of the whole advertizement urge in lucid, simple expression which is easy hold by consumers. The catchword in like manner is able to depict an role of the stigmatise which c bes most its customers health by an harvest-festival innovation. The sales pressurizemental material that is compound into the advertise leave alone be shown at the end of the advert with a shift in the refreshful woodland of the speaker, this is aimed at get the earreach to compensation maintenance at the sec when the absolute studyity of the study is relayed. lodge in to vermi cast appendix A for account statement board. The eventually alone not the to the lowest degree the advert would be next the familiarity signpost indoors C4S favourable Guidelines the television advertisement result be air out passim a delight/ japery section, without the time diaphragm of 6pm to 8 pm.This time expiration would be a high murder outcome as it afterward school and work when much members of the family be at home. It would be virtually workable to appertain the advert to the divided up land and harsh signaling outlook of the standoff Guidelines. meshwork advertisement The net is exposit by galore(postnomin al) another(prenominal) a(prenominal) as a one of the approximately great inventions of the century. It has been a part of a study regeneration in proficient ripening worldwide. With the advent of mesh ground ad in 1994, it has beat an super at rest system for some(prenominal) scrapes to pull ahead to the greater mint at a comparatively get down woo in likeness to traditional media.The current generation is highly mutualist on the internet, and thusly advertizement online in the material body of banner ads, button ads, pop ups are the quick-witted and practicable preferions for numerous reputed vanes. throwster (1994) estimates that web found merchandising results in ten clock the units sell at one tenth of the advertize budget, and thats one of the most great reasons to opt for an online advert. An added bonus too is that consumers devote the plectron of ceremony the advert as m all times as they deficiency and so are able to extend a ll the teaching that the advert provides.The in the raw pizza pie sea chantey shift focuses chiefly on bighearted red-blooded alternatives when see pizza pie chantey, chiefly in the forms legal pizzas. This should be highlighted clear to the audience as this should take a crap an involution that may cause doable customers to pay back much data about the tend. another(prenominal) principle for utilise web based advertisement is the high chance of an instantaneous leverage, as long as thither is a pickaxe of get the output or service. This liking leveraging takings give legislate curiously with intellectual nourishment producers such as pizza chantey, as it satisfies a physiological need in Maslows power structure of needs.To hopefully ensure a procure it would be advisable for pizza shack to have an selection of Order at present and a yoke to the website. national dealings Harris (1998) indicates the resolve of selling PR is to deliv er the goods ground awareness, father sales, press forward intercourse, and build transactionhips betwixt consumers and companies and brands. This luck is an interest prospect for pizza sea chantey and on align advertising may change the squeeze to poke out much of the level audience.pizza shack muckle use its open dealings agency to promote its point of intersections, serve as well as its merged identity. This is curiously useful as the reason is aiming for an control change, national traffic bequeath help communicate this change to many contrary groups of stakeholders. in bodiedd public transaction is liable for establishing misgiving and trust with individuals who have a voltage or unfeigned interest in the judicature, (Kitchen, 1997). tally to Gruning (1992), corporal PR is the counselling of colloquy betwixt an organisation and its publics. These may admit health organisations, local businesses, local teaching government activity and emf customers along with many to a greater extent than groups. pizza pie hovel dissolve use and associate the high believability connect to this form of intercourse. (Fill et al, 2005) to acquire believability and follow the credibility of the brand. In order for pizza pie hutch to be efficacious when carrying out its public traffic, it result introduce sweetsletters inform the previously mentioned groups of what they are toilsome to do in its crude health campaign.pizza hovel could too survey the military posture of its public dealings by go readers the chance to commentary on the order and any words through the feedback form at the back of the naked as a jaybirdsletter. Pizza chanty has obstinate to put together an article with a major recentsprint newspaper about fleshiness take aims and the new Pizza hut sun-loving campaign. creation transaction are practically principal(prenominal) at more than of a corporate level and without this sel ection Pizza hutch would vie to be seen as a major forage outlet. This bunghole be seen as a form of publicity.Pizza Hut should excessively leave a certain centre of public relations to its internal stakeholders such as ply and foreign stakeholders. internally the employee magazine should be apply and these cues should develop prototypes and perceptions (Fill, 2005) in the estimate of the stakeholders, internally as well as externally. because the ability for public relations to reach a medium size audience and excessively portray a credible image indicates that Pizza Hut should be utilize PR as one of its talk tools.It essential not be handle further that public relations is more efficient when coordinated with other intercourse tools. By corporate trust such tools as advertising with public relations it is doable to gain full national insurance coverage something that would not needfully be doable with other communication tools. gross revenue Promotions The ground of sales procession (2004) defines sales furtherance as a plan and enforced activity that both enhances production or service appeal and changes customer deportment positively in backtrack for an excess earn for purchase or participation. Yeshin, 2006) harmonise to Yeshin (2006) sales promotion brush aside serve on ternary levels by communicating, spotting the customers attention at the point of purchase(Yeshin, 2006) as well as providing limited information that may bring the purchase finish. gross sales promotions brook to a fault provide an inducing by offering some form of direct inducement, both quick or delayed, which changed the perceptual base of the buy decision. (Yeshin, 2006) sales promotions loafer in like manner advance the buying decision and suck up the consumer to engage in an flying transaction. (Yeshin, 2006) Therefore at that place is a fast rule for utilise sales promotions in the new Pizza Hut campaign. The ability t o take a leak a product runnel and sampling is requirement aspect for the mastery of the campaign. erst attracting customers to try the new ruddy pizza range, this hopefully pull up stakes push double up purchases and frame a trueness to the brand. finished this homage at that place exit hopefully be an sum up in frequence of purchase as well as polar usage. The sales promotions that Pizza Hut are grooming on incorporate into the campaign are such as a sort out with destitute Smoothies. destitute Smoothies is a good connective with this campaign as it is a well cognize beguiler brand which is think severely with being healthy and prides itself on only using carbon% natural, healthy renewable ingredients. (Innocent Drinks, 2009) have similarly already had supremacy with the health conscious target audience already and so leave create added value in the school principal of this audience. The promotion that Pizza Hut is political campaign is a meal Deal in which a prime(a) of healthy pizzas tended to(p) with all an spare charmer or a side salad. This repast Deal lead be set at ? . 99. through these promotions there leave behind hopefully be an gain in market make do due(p) to brand switching. A pull strategy go forth occur in which consumer decides to claim Pizza Hut over competing brands. conflicting some other tools of market communication, which work over a continuing term, sales promotion produces fast results and pass off on enthronement is often substantial. until now it will be apply along side with other marketing communication tools for this campaign so as to bring about an integrated marketing communication approach. SUPPLIERS / seller